ReviewCold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology2018
Cytokines in Cancer Immunotherapy.
Review in Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 298 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
298 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 505 citations in OpenAlex.
- Predictive value of serum cytokines in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer receiving anti-PD-1 blockade therapy: a meta-analysis.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Pooled it
- A meta-analysis of epitopes in prostate-specific antigens identifies opportunities and knowledge gaps.Human immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Engineering cytokines for cancer immunotherapy: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Peripheral cytokine levels as novel predictors of survival in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Adjuvant dendritic cell-based immunotherapy in melanoma: insights into immune cell dynamics and clinical evidence from a phase II trial.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Trial
- A phase I trial of SON-1010, a tumor-targeted, interleukin-12-linked, albumin-binding cytokine, shows favorable pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety in healthy volunteers.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Trial
- Neoadjuvant enoblituzumab in localized prostate cancer: a single-arm, phase 2 trial.Nature medicine · 2023Trial
- Inflammation and carcinogenesis: molecular targets and small-molecule intervention strategies.Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Host-derived lactic acid disrupts IFN efficacy via antiviral inhibition and proinflammatory amplification.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Identification of Changes in the Transcriptome Profile of Human Hepatoma HepG2 Cells Exposed to Combined Sorafenib and Cannabis Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- An autologous cell-based therapeutic vaccine expressing IL6/1 fusokine drives robust anti-tumor response against ovarian cancer.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Identifying Cytokine Motif-Containing, Immunomodulatory Bacterial Proteins in Human Gut Microbiome.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Innovative biomaterial solutions for enhancing the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy.Immunologic research · 2026Review
- IL-18-armed oncolytic vaccinia virus remodels the suppressive microenvironment via macrophage and Treg modulation in lymphoma.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- Circular RNAs in cancer: Its biogenesis, functions, relationships with cancer progression, applications in immunotherapy and biomarker potentials.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Review
- A modular platform for Sterically Masked Activated Cytokines (SMACks).Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- In-depth Evaluation of the Olink Target 48 Cytokine Panel: Inter-Laboratory Evaluation of Performance and Reliability for Biomarker Studies in Oncology.The AAPS journal · 2026Article
- Mathematical Modeling of the Role of Cytokines in Sindbis Virus Treatment of Glioblastoma.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2026Article
- Towards Precision Oncology: How Advances in Cancer Genomics, Immunobiology and Artificial Intelligence Will Change Molecular Diagnostics.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Introduction to the Immune System.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Review
238 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cytokines that control the immune response were shown to have efficacy in preclinical murine cancer models. Interferon (IFN)-α is approved for treatment of hairy cell leukemia, and interleukin (IL)-2 for the treatment of advanced melanoma and metastatic renal cancer. In addition, IL-12, IL-15, IL-21, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) have been evaluated in clinical trials. However, the cytokines as monotherapy have not fulfilled their early promise because cytokines administered parenterally do not achieve sufficient concentrations in the tumor, are often associated with severe toxicities, and induce humoral or cellular checkpoints. To circumvent these impediments, cytokines are being investigated clinically in combination therapy with checkpoint inhibitors, anticancer monoclonal antibodies to increase the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) of these antibodies, antibody cytokine fusion proteins, and anti-CD40 to facilitate tumor-specific immune responses.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.