Trial reportClinical and experimental nephrology2018
Plasma p-cresol lowering effect of sevelamer in non-dialysis CKD patients: evidence from a randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in Clinical and experimental nephrology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02199444 (Effect of Sevelamer on P-cresol Levels in CKD), which is not on this map. Cited by 18 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Sevelamer on P-cresol Levels in CKD
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phosphate binders for preventing and treating chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD).The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- The impact of phosphate lowering agents on clinical and laboratory outcomes in chronic kidney disease patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Journal of nephrology · 2022Pooled it
- Effectiveness of fibroblast growth factor 23 lowering modalities in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International urology and nephrology · 2022Pooled it
- Protein-bound uremic toxin lowering strategies in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of nephrology · 2021Pooled it
- Phosphate binders for preventing and treating chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD).The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Trial
- Trial
- Real-World Evidence for Sevelamer vs Calcium-Containing Phosphate Binders in Long-Term Effectiveness and Safety Among Patients with Non-Dialysis CKD: The REVEAL Study.Advances in therapy · 2026Article
- Meta-analysis of the impact of serum phosphorus reduction on the prognosis of non-dialysis CKD patients: evidence based on clinical outcomes.International urology and nephrology · 2026Review
- Gut-Kidney Axis: Unraveling the Role of the Microbiome in Chronic Kidney Disease.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Clinical Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Relationships of Pharmacological Strategies for Attenuating p-Cresyl Sulfate in Patients with Kidney Disease.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2025Article
- Kidney-Gut Axis in Chronic Kidney Disease: Therapeutic Perspectives from Microbiota Modulation and Nutrition.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Gut Microbiome-Derived Uremic Toxin Levels in Hemodialysis Patients on Different Phosphate Binder Therapies.Blood purification · 2022Article
- Phosphate, Microbiota and CKD.Nutrients · 2021Review
- Review
- Article
- Cardiovascular risk factors in children on dialysis: an update.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2020Review
- Vascular Calcification: An Important Understanding in Nephrology.Vascular health and risk management · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe accumulation of p-cresol, a metabolic product of aromatic amino acids generated by intestinal microbiome, increases the cardiovascular risk in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Therefore, therapeutic strategies to reduce plasma p-cresol levels are highly demanded. It has been reported that the phosphate binder sevelamer (SEV) sequesters p-cresol in vitro, while in vivo studies on dialysis patients showed controversial results. Aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of SEV on p-cresol levels in non-dialysis CKD patients.
methodsThis was a single-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial (Registration number NCT02199444) carried on 69 CKD patients (stage 3-5, not on dialysis), randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either SEV or placebo for 3 months. Total p-cresol serum levels were evaluated at baseline (T0), and 1 (T1) and 3 months (T3) after treatment start. The primary end-point was to evaluate the effect of SEV on p-cresol levels.
resultsCompared to baseline (T0, 7.4 ± 2.7 mg/mL), p-cresol mean concentration was significantly reduced in SEV patients after one (- 2.06 mg/mL, 95% CI - 2.62 to - 1.50 mg/mL; p < 0.001) and 3 months of treatment (- 3.97 mg/mL, 95% CI - 4.53 to - 3.41 mg/mL; p < 0.001); no change of plasma p-cresol concentration was recorded in placebo-treated patients. Moreover, P and LDL values were reduced after 3 months of treatment by SEV but not placebo.
conclusionsIn conclusion, our study represents the first evidence that SEV is effective in reducing p-cresol levels in CKD patients in conservative treatment, and confirms its beneficial effects on inflammation and lipid pattern.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.