Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29206771›Full record

ArticleMenopause (New York, N.Y.)2018

Vasomotor symptom characteristics: are they risk factors for incident diabetes?

Kristen E Gray, Jodie G Katon, Erin S LeBlanc, Nancy F Woods, Lori A Bastian, Gayle E Reiber, Julie C Weitlauf, Karin M Nelson, Andrea Z LaCroix

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Menopause (New York, N.Y.), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed
2.5field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.

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  14. Menopausal Hormone Therapy in Women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Updated Review.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2024
    Review
  15. Review
  16. Vasomotor symptoms and their links to cardiovascular disease risk.Current opinion in endocrine and metabolic research · 2023
    Article
  17. Menopause Is More Than Just Loss of Fertility.The Public policy and aging report · 2023
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.

Kristen E GrayHealth Services Research & Development, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA.
Jodie G KatonHealth Services Research & Development, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA.
Erin S LeBlancKaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR.
Nancy F WoodsBiobehavioral Nursing and Health Informatics, University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA.
Lori A BastianPain Research, Informatics, Multimorbidities, and Education (PRIME) Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT.
Gayle E ReiberHealth Services Research & Development, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA.
Julie C WeitlaufMental Illness, Research, Education and Clinical Center and Center for Innovation to Implementation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA.
Karin M NelsonHealth Services Research & Development, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA.
Andrea Z LaCroixDivision of Epidemiology, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA.
Health Services Research & Development · USCenter for Innovation · USKaiser Permanente Center for Health Research · USNeurobehavioral Systems · USUniversity of Washington · USVA Connecticut Healthcare System · US

Funding

NHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100001INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100002INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100003INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100004INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100046CNIA NIH HHS HHSN271201100004CWHI NIH HHS HHSN268201100001CWHI NIH HHS HHSN268201100002CWHI NIH HHS HHSN268201100003CWHI NIH HHS HHSN268201100004C
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveVasomotor symptoms (VMS), encompassing hot flashes and night sweats, may be associated with diabetes, but evidence is limited. We sought to estimate these associations.

methodsAmong 150,007 postmenopausal Women's Health Initiative participants from 1993 to 2014, we prospectively examined associations of incident diabetes with VMS characteristics at enrollment: any VMS, severity (mild/ moderate/severe), type (hot flashes/night sweats), timing (early [premenopausal or perimenopausal]/late [postmenopausal]), and duration. Cox proportional-hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

resultsMean duration of follow-up was 13.1 years. VMS prevalence was 33%. Reporting any VMS was associated with 18% increased diabetes risk (95% CI 1.14, 1.22), which increased with severity (mild: HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.08, 1.17; moderate: HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.22, 1.36; severe: HR 1.48, 95% CI 1.34, 1.62) and duration (4% per 5 years, 95% CI 1.03, 1.05), independent of obesity. Diabetes risk was more pronounced for women reporting any night sweats (night sweats only: HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.13, 1.26; night sweats and hot flashes: HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.17, 1.27) than only hot flashes (HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.02, 1.15) and was restricted to late VMS (late: HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.07, 1.18; early and late: HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.11, 1.22; early: HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.95, 1.04).

conclusionsVMS are associated with elevated diabetes risk, particularly for women reporting night sweats and postmenopausal symptoms. The menopause transition may be an optimal window for clinicians to discuss long-term cardiovascular/metabolic risk with patients and leverage the bother of existing symptoms for behavior change to improve VMS and reduce diabetes risk.

Indexed as

MenopauseSweatingAgedCase-Control StudiesDiabetes MellitusFemaleHot FlashesHumansIncidenceLongitudinal StudiesMiddle AgedProportional Hazards ModelsProspective StudiesRisk FactorsSeverity of Illness IndexSurveys and Questionnaires

Identifiers

PMID29206771
PMCPMC5898980
OpenAlexW2771238629

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.