ReviewNature reviews. Endocrinology2018
Global aetiology and epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications.
Review in Nature reviews. Endocrinology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 8 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 2,626 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Evaluation of the Effect of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors on Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Clinical Profile and Laboratory Finding of Diabetic Foot Ulcers From Tertiary Hospitals in Bali
Effect of a 12-week Administration of Green Tea Extract on Lipids in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Association Between Carotid Atherosclerosis and Fatty Liver Index in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Triglyceride-Glucose Index in Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2diaberes Mellitus Patients
Comparison of Dyslipidemia Among Diabetics Versus Non Diabetics in Haemodialysis
The Effect of Complex Exercise Training on General Health Status in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
The Effects of Regular Exercise on Gut Microbiota Composition in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes
Who cites it
2,626 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 5,575 citations in OpenAlex.
- Treatment preference for once-weekly versus once-daily DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Annals of medicine · 2026Pooled it
- From Molecules to Biomarkers: Nogo Proteins and Receptors in the Early Detection of Type 2 Diabetes Complications: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Association between type 2 diabetes and site-specific fracture risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies including over 13 million participants.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2026Pooled it
- Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Ecnoglutide in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- eHealth Literacy and Type 2 Diabetes Prevention Among At-Risk Populations: Mechanistic Systematic Review Using Theory-Driven Thematic Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of Probiotic and Synbiotic Supplementation on Glycemic Indices in Adult Individuals with Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Grade-Assessed Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis of RCTs.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Pooled it
- Clinical Improvements From Telemedicine Interventions for Managing Type 2 Diabetes Compared With Usual Care: Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2026Pooled it
- Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 and complications of diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Evaluating the Impact and Practicality of a National Digital Intervention for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Single-Arm Nonrandomized Pilot Trial.JMIR formative research · 2026Trial
- Safety and efficacy of intermittent fasting with or without exercise in people living with overweight or obesity and type 2 diabetes-The INTERFAST-3 study design.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2026Trial
- Experiences and Perceived Influence of the Artificial Intelligence-Based Health Education Accurately Linking System (AI-HEALS) on Health Behaviors Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Qualitative Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Trial
- Effect of a Digital-Driven Physician-Pharmacist Collaborative Model for Diabetes in Primary Health Care: Cluster Randomized Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Trial
- Evaluation of formulation on the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of enavogliflozin in healthy Korean adults.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Trial
- SGLT2 inhibitor or metformin as standard treatment in early-stage type 2 diabetes? Baseline data in SMARTEST, a novel, decentralised, register-based randomised trial on prevention of diabetic complications.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Trial
- Article
- Lifestyle and Socioeconomic Determinants of Glycemic Control among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Borama, Somaliland: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2026Article
- Pubertal Stage-Based One-hour Postload Glucose Thresholds Improve Identification of Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes in Children With Overweight or Obesity.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Liraglutide affects mitochondrial function and histone acetylation through the NQO1/SIRT3 pathway in diabetic kidney disease.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2026Article
- Diabetic and ER-stressed pancreatic islet β cells are in need of some JNK removal.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Macular Choriocapillaris and Retinal Microvascular Alterations Across the Prediabetes-Early Type 2 Diabetes Continuum.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
2,566 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Globally, the number of people with diabetes mellitus has quadrupled in the past three decades, and diabetes mellitus is the ninth major cause of death. About 1 in 11 adults worldwide now have diabetes mellitus, 90% of whom have type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Asia is a major area of the rapidly emerging T2DM global epidemic, with China and India the top two epicentres. Although genetic predisposition partly determines individual susceptibility to T2DM, an unhealthy diet and a sedentary lifestyle are important drivers of the current global epidemic; early developmental factors (such as intrauterine exposures) also have a role in susceptibility to T2DM later in life. Many cases of T2DM could be prevented with lifestyle changes, including maintaining a healthy body weight, consuming a healthy diet, staying physically active, not smoking and drinking alcohol in moderation. Most patients with T2DM have at least one complication, and cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients. This Review provides an updated view of the global epidemiology of T2DM, as well as dietary, lifestyle and other risk factors for T2DM and its complications.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.