ArticleOncotarget2017
Gremlin-1 is a key regulator of the invasive cell phenotype in mesothelioma.
Article in Oncotarget, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Proteomic atlas of human peritoneal tissue.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Ex.50.T aptamer impairs tumor-stroma cross-talk in breast cancer by targeting gremlin-1.Cell death discovery · 2025Article
- Gremlin1: a BMP antagonist with therapeutic potential in Oncology.Investigational new drugs · 2024Review
- Review
- Article
- circRNA-ZCCHC14 affects the chondrogenic differentiation ability of peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells by regulating GREM1 through miR-181a.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Regulation of Molecular Targets in Osteosarcoma Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Insights into the Role of Gremlin-1, a Bone Morphogenic Protein Antagonist, in Cancer Initiation and Progression.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- The Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in the Development and Metastasis of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Circulating Gremlin-1 is elevated in systemic sclerosis patients.Journal of scleroderma and related disorders · 2021Article
- Gremlin-1 augments the oestrogen-related receptor α signalling through EGFR activation: implications for the progression of breast cancer.British journal of cancer · 2020Article
- Extracellular BMP Antagonists, Multifaceted Orchestrators in the Tumor and Its Microenvironment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- DHA inhibits Gremlin-1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via ERK suppression in human breast cancer cells.Bioscience reports · 2020Article
- VEGFR2 Blockade Improves Renal Damage in an Experimental Model of Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Article
- Poly(1-vinylimidazole) polyplexes as novel therapeutic gene carriers for lung cancer therapy.Beilstein journal of nanotechnology · 2020Article
- No evidence of Gremlin1-mediated activation of VEGFR2 signaling in endothelial cells.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2019Article
- GREM2 maintains stem cell-like phenotypes in gastric cancer cells by regulating the JNK signaling pathway.Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) · 2019Article
- Cancer-associated fibroblast-derived Gremlin 1 promotes breast cancer progression.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2019Article
- Fibroblast-derived Gremlin1 localises to epithelial cells at the base of the intestinal crypt.Oncotarget · 2019Article
- Overexpression of mircoRNA-137 inhibits cervical cancer cell invasion, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition by suppressing the TGF-β/smad pathway via binding to GREM1.Cancer cell international · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma originates from mesothelial cells and is a cancer type that aggressively invades into the surrounding tissue, has poor prognosis and no effective treatment. Gremlin-1 is a cysteine knot protein that functions by inhibiting BMP-pathway activity during development. BMP-independent functions have also been described for gremlin-1. We have previously shown high gremlin-1 expression in mesothelioma tumor tissue. Here, we investigated the functions of gremlin-1 in mesothelioma cell migration and invasive growth. Gremlin-1 promoted mesothelioma cell sprouting and invasion into three dimensional collagen and Matrigel matrices. The expression level of gremlin-1 was linked to changes in the expression of SNAI2, integrins, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and TGF-β family signaling - all previously associated with a mesenchymal invasive phenotype. Small molecule inhibitors of MMPs completely blocked mesothelioma cell invasive growth. In addition, inhibitors of TGF-β receptors significantly reduced invasive growth. This was associated with reduced expression of MMP2 but not SNAI2, indicating that gremlin-1 has both TGF-β pathway dependent and independent mechanisms of action. Results of
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.