Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29255060›Full record

ArticleDiabetes care2018

The Bidirectional Association Between Depression and Severe Hypoglycemic and Hyperglycemic Events in Type 1 Diabetes.

Paola Gilsanz, Andrew J Karter, Michal Schnaider Beeri, Charles P Quesenberry, Rachel A Whitmer

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetes care, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
3.2field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  7. The Interconnected Complexity of Diabetes and Depression.Diabetes spectrum : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2025
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  18. Perceptions of Diabetes Self-Efficacy and Glycemic Control in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes.Diabetes spectrum : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2021
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Paola GilsanzDivision of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA paola.gilsanz@kp.org.ORCID 0000-0002-7635-381X
Andrew J KarterDivision of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA.
Michal Schnaider BeeriIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
Charles P QuesenberryDivision of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA.
Rachel A WhitmerDivision of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA.
Kaiser Permanente · USSheba Medical Center · IL

Funding

Translational Research Core - Health Engagement & Action Translational (HEAT)P30DK092924 · NIDDK · KAISER FOUNDATION RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI Alyce Sophia Adams, HILARY Kessler SELIGMAN · 2011 to 2026
$9.2M
Translational Epidemiology - Training for Research on Aging and Chronic diseaseT32AG049663 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Elizabeth Rose Mayeda, Mark J Pletcher · 2016 to 2026
$5.8M
Predictors of Late-life Cognitive Health in Type 1 DiabetesR01AG047500 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI WHITMER, RACHEL A · 2015 to 2019
$3.0M
Diabetes and Aging in a Multi-Ethnic PopulationR01DK081796 · NIDDK · KAISER FOUNDATION RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI HUANG, ELBERT S., KARTER, ANDREW JOHN · 2009 to 2013
$2.9M
Severe Hypoglycemia: Ascertainment, Surveillance and PharmacovigilanceR01DK103721 · NIDDK · KAISER FOUNDATION RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI KARTER, ANDREW JOHN · 2015 to 2018
$2.2M
NIA NIH HHS R01 AG047500NIA NIH HHS T32 AG049663NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK092924NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK081796NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK103721
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveSevere hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia ("severe dysglycemia") are serious complications of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Depression has been associated with severe dysglycemia in type 2 diabetes but has not been thoroughly examined specifically in T1D. We evaluated bidirectional associations between depression and severe dysglycemia among older people with T1D. RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsWe abstracted depression and severe dysglycemia requiring emergency room visit or hospitalization from medical health records in 3,742 patients with T1D during the study period (1996-2015). Cox proportional hazards models estimated the associations between depression and severe dysglycemia in both directions, adjusting for demographics, micro- and macrovascular complications, and HbA

resultsDuring the study period, 41% had depression and 376 (11%) and 641 (20%) had hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia, respectively. Depression was strongly associated with a 2.5-fold increased risk of severe hyperglycemic events (hazard ratio [HR] 2.47 [95% CI 2.00, 3.05]) and 89% increased risk of severe hypoglycemic events (HR 1.89 [95% CI 1.61, 2.22]). The association was strongest within the first 6 months (HR

conclusionsDepression and severe dysglycemia are associated bidirectionally among patients with T1D. Depression greatly increases the risk of severe hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic events, particularly in the first 6 months to 1 year after diagnosis, and depression risk increases after severe dysglycemia episodes.

Indexed as

DepressionDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1FemaleHumansHyperglycemiaHypoglycemiaMaleMiddle AgedProportional Hazards ModelsRisk Factors

Identifiers

PMID29255060
PMCPMC5829958
OpenAlexW2776375846

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.