Evidence mapPaperPMID 29278460Full record

ArticleDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2018

Relationship between treatment persistence and A1C trends among patients with type 2 diabetes newly initiating basal insulin.

Fang Liz Zhou, Lin Xie, Chunshen Pan, Yuexi Wang, Neel Vaidya, Fen Ye, Ronald Preblick, Luigi Meneghini

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Fang Liz ZhouSanofi, Bridgewater, New Jersey.ORCID 0000-0003-1353-6376
Lin XieSTATINMED Research, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Chunshen PanSanofi, Bridgewater, New Jersey.
Yuexi WangSTATINMED Research, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Neel VaidyaSTATINMED Research, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Fen YeSanofi, Bridgewater, New Jersey.
Ronald PreblickSanofi, Bridgewater, New Jersey.
Luigi MeneghiniUniversity Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Parkland Health and Hospital System, Dallas, Texas.ORCID 0000-0003-4539-2725

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between glycated haemoglobin (A1C) levels and treatment persistence with, or time to discontinuation of, basal insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) newly initiating insulin. Claims data were extracted from the Optum Clinformatics database from January 2010 to June 2015. Adult patients with T2D initiating insulin glargine 100 U/mL (Gla-100) or insulin detemir (DET) with ≥1 A1C measurement during 12-month baseline and 18-month follow-up periods were included. Patients with a refill gap of >90 days were considered non-persistent; otherwise, patients were considered persistent with insulin. The main outcome was A1C, measured closest to the end of each quarter during the follow-up period. A total of 3993 of 109 934 patients met the inclusion criteria (43.0% persistent; 57.0% non-persistent). Persistent patients were older (54.7 vs 52.7 years; P < .001), were more likely to be male (59.4% vs 54.4%; P = .002), and had significantly lower mean unadjusted A1C values at 18 months (8.26% vs 8.60%; P < .001) and quarterly. Only 43.0% of adults initiating basal insulin persisted with treatment for 18 months, with earlier discontinuation associated with higher A1C.

Indexed as

Medication AdherenceAge FactorsCohort StudiesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Drug MonitoringFemaleFollow-Up StudiesGlycated HemoglobinHumansHyperglycemiaHypoglycemiaHypoglycemic AgentsIncidenceInsulin DetemirInsulin GlargineInsurance, HealthGlycated Hemoglobinhemoglobin A1c protein, humanHypoglycemic AgentsInsulin DetemirInsulin Glarginebasal insulintype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID29278460
PMCPMC5947595

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.