ArticleJournal for immunotherapy of cancer2018
Cytokine release syndrome after radiation therapy: case report and review of the literature.
Article in Journal for immunotherapy of cancer, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- PD-1 and TIGIT downregulation distinctly affect the effector and early memory phenotypes of CD19-targeting CAR T cells.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2022Trial
- Cytokine release syndrome-compatible fever after initiation of local radiotherapy during late-phase epcoritamab therapy in relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a case report.Journal of pharmaceutical health care and sciences · 2026Article
- CRISPR/Cas9 Technology for Modifying Immune Checkpoint in CAR-T Cell Therapy for Hematopoietic Malignancies.Current gene therapy · 2026Review
- NLRP3 inflammasomes at the ARDS-cancer interface: mechanisms and translational hypotheses.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Cancer therapy and cachexia.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Review
- The Interplay of Chronic Stress and Cancer: Pathophysiology and Implications for Integrated Care.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Review
- Isoegomaketone improves radiotherapy efficacy and intestinal injury by regulating apoptosis, autophagy and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in a colon cancer model.Oncology reports · 2025Article
- Efficacy and safety of nivolumab and ipilimumab with or without chemotherapy for unresectable non-small cell lung cancer: a multicenter retrospective observational study.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Observational
- Cytokine Release Syndrome in a Patient With Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treated With Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy, Who Had Previously Undergone Immunotherapy: A Case Report.Advances in radiation oncology · 2024Article
- Released dsDNA-triggered inflammasomes serve as intestinal radioprotective targets.Clinical & translational immunology · 2023Article
- Optimization of whole-cell vaccines with CpG/αOX40/cGAMP to strengthen the anti-tumor response of CD4Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2022Article
- Identifying Candidates for Immunotherapy among Patients with Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: A Review of the Potential Predictors of Response.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Development of Bispecific Antibody for Cancer Immunotherapy: Focus on T Cell Engaging Antibody.Immune network · 2022Review
- Cytokine Release Syndrome in Cancer Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Case Series of 25 Patients and Review of the Literature.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Cytokine release syndrome and tumor lysis syndrome in a multiple myeloma patient treated with palliative radiotherapy: A case report and review of the literature.Clinical and translational radiation oncology · 2022Article
- Pembrolizumab-induced cytokine release syndrome in a patient with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma: a case report.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2021Article
- Targeting Phosphatidylserine Enhances the Anti-tumor Response to Tumor-Directed Radiation Therapy in a Preclinical Model of Melanoma.Cell reports · 2021Article
- Radiotherapy and Cytokine Storm: Risk and Mechanism.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
- Cytokine Storm as a Cellular Response to dsDNA Breaks: A New Proposal.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors to treat cutaneous malignancies.Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCytokine release syndrome (CRS) has been reported after immunologic manipulations, most often through therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. To our knowledge, CRS after radiation therapy (RT) for cancer has not been reported before. The development of unusual clinical signs and symptoms after RT led us to investigate the possibility of CRS after RT and review the medical literature on this topic. CASE PRESENTATION: A 65 year-old man with untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia and recurrent, metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma undergoing anti-programmed death 1 (PD1) immunotherapy was referred for palliative RT to sites of progressing metastases. Within hours of each weekly dose of RT, he experienced fever, tachycardia, hypotension, rash, dyspnea, and rigors. Based on clinical suspicion for CRS, blood cytokine measurements were performed 1 h after the second and third dose of RT and demonstrated tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels approximately ten-fold higher than normal. These were near normal immediately prior to the third dose of RT, and resolved to normal levels 3 weeks after RT. He experienced rapid regression of irradiated tumors, with development of new sites of metastases soon thereafter. A literature review revealed no clinical cases of CRS after RT for cancer.
conclusionsRT during anti-PD1 immunotherapy in a patient with underlying immune dysfunction appeared to be the putative mediator of an immune process which yielded significant increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines, and produced the clinical symptoms meeting the definition of grade 3 CRS. This case demonstrates the capability of RT to elicit immune-related adverse events.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.