Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29353233›Full record

SynthesisJournal of the American Heart Association2018

Cardiovascular Safety, Long-Term Noncardiovascular Safety, and Efficacy of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis With Trial Sequential Analysis.

Xin-Lin Zhang, Qing-Qing Zhu, Yu-Han Chen, Xue-Ling Li, Fu Chen, Jian-An Huang, Biao Xu

Open access · goldAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
54citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
11.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

54 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 124 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  8. Trial
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  13. Observational
  14. Review
  15. Protocol and rationale for a randomized controlled SGLT2 inhibitor trial in paediatric and young adult populations with chronic kidney disease: DOUBLE PRO-TECT Alport.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2025
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Xin-Lin ZhangDepartment of Cardiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.
Qing-Qing ZhuDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
Yu-Han ChenDepartment of Cardiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.
Xue-Ling LiDepartment of Cardiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.
Fu ChenDepartment of Cardiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.
Jian-An HuangDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China xubiao@medmail.com.cn huang_ja@163.com.
Biao XuDepartment of Cardiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China xubiao@medmail.com.cn huang_ja@163.com.
Nanjing University · CNFirst Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University · CNNanjing Drum Tower Hospital · CNSoochow University · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe cardiovascular and long-term noncardiovascular safety and efficacy of SGLT2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter 2) inhibitors have not been well documented. METHODS AND

resultsFor cardiovascular outcomes, we performed a meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials and adjusted observational studies, each with a minimum of 26 weeks and 2000 patient-years of follow-up. For long-term noncardiovascular safety and efficacy outcome analyses, we included only randomized controlled trials with at least 2 years and 1000 patient-years of follow-up. Five studies with 351 476 patients were included in cardiovascular outcomes analysis. Meta-analyses showed that SGLT2 inhibitors significantly reduced the risks of major adverse cardiac events (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.69-0.92;

conclusionsSGLT2 inhibitors showed remarkable cardiovascular- and renal-protective effects and good long-term noncardiovascular safety with sustained efficacy.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diabetic NephropathiesFemaleHumansKidneyMaleMiddle AgedObservational Studies as TopicPatient SafetyProtective FactorsRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsSodium-Glucose Transporter 2Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsSLC5A2 protein, humanSodium-Glucose Transporter 2Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitorscardiovascular diseasemeta‐analysisobservational studyrandomized controlled trialSGLT2 (sodium–glucose cotransporter 2) inhibitortrial sequential analysis

Identifiers

PMID29353233
PMCPMC5850151
OpenAlexW2786752552

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.