Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29355169›Full record

ReviewNature reviews. Nephrology2018

Sex and gender disparities in the epidemiology and outcomes of chronic kidney disease.

Juan Jesus Carrero, Manfred Hecking, Nicholas C Chesnaye, Kitty J Jager

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nature reviews. Nephrology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 496 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
496citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
37.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

496 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 917 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  7. Global health inequalities of chronic kidney disease: a meta-analysis.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2024
    Pooled it
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  9. Trial
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  17. Sex differences in renal acid-base regulation.Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension · 2026
    Review
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436 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.

Juan Jesus CarreroDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Centre for Gender Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels Väg 12A, BOX 281, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
Manfred HeckingDepartment of Internal Medicine III, Clinical Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
Nicholas C ChesnayeEuropean Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA) Registry, Department of Medical Informatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Kitty J JagerEuropean Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA) Registry, Department of Medical Informatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Academic Medical Center · NLKarolinska Institutet · SEMedical University of Vienna · ATUniversity of Amsterdam · NL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Improved understanding of sex and gender-specific differences in the aetiology, mechanisms and epidemiology of chronic kidney disease (CKD) could help nephrologists better address the needs of their patients. Population-based studies indicate that CKD epidemiology differs by sex, affecting more women than men, especially with regard to stage G3 CKD. The effects of longer life expectancy on the natural decline of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) with age, as well as potential overdiagnosis of CKD through the inappropriate use of GFR equations, might be in part responsible for the greater prevalence of CKD in women. Somewhat paradoxically, there seems to be a preponderance of men among patients starting renal replacement therapy (RRT); the protective effects of oestrogens in women and/or the damaging effects of testosterone, together with unhealthier lifestyles, might cause kidney function to decline faster in men than in women. Additionally, elderly women seem to be more inclined to choose conservative care instead of RRT. Dissimilarities between the sexes are also apparent in the outcomes of CKD. In patients with predialysis CKD, mortality is higher in men than women; however, this difference disappears for patients on RRT. Although access to living donor kidneys among men and women seems equal, women have reduced access to deceased donor transplantation. Lastly, health-related quality of life while on RRT is poorer in women than men, and women report a higher burden of symptoms. These findings provide insights into differences in the underlying pathophysiology of disease as well as societal factors that can be addressed to reduce disparities in access to care and outcomes for patients with CKD.

Indexed as

Renal Insufficiency, ChronicWomen's HealthDisease ProgressionFemaleHealth Services AccessibilityHumansKidney TransplantationLife ExpectancyMaleQuality of LifeRenal Replacement TherapyRisk FactorsSex Factors

Identifiers

PMID29355169
OpenAlexW2785099367

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.