ArticleAnnals of epidemiology2018
Racial differences in spatial patterns for poor glycemic control in the Southeastern United States.
Article in Annals of epidemiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adapting the NIMHD Research Framework for Type 2 Diabetes-Related Disparities.Current diabetes reports · 2025Review
- 2021 Community Engagement Studio Virtual Training Summit: Increasing the Diversity of Stakeholders Engaged in Research.Progress in community health partnerships : research, education, and action · 2024Article
- Structural Racism as an Upstream Social Determinant of Diabetes Outcomes: A Scoping Review.Diabetes care · 2023Article
- Observational
- Provider Network Structure and Black-to-White Disparity Gaps for Medicare Patients with Diabetes: County-Level Analysis of Cost, Utilization, and Clinical Care.Journal of general internal medicine · 2022Article
- Association of Multiple Hospital Affiliations With Clinician Service Use, Breadth of Procedures, and Costs.JAMA network open · 2021Observational
- Geographic and Racial/Ethnic Variation in Glycemic Control and Treatment in a National Sample of Veterans With Diabetes.Diabetes care · 2020Article
- Addressing geographic confounding through spatial propensity scores: a study of racial disparities in diabetes.Statistical methods in medical research · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeEvidence consistently shows poor outcomes in racial minorities, but there is limited understanding of differences that are explained by spatial variation. The goal of this analysis was to examine contribution of spatial patterns on disparities in diabetes outcomes in the Southeastern United States.
methodsData on 64,022 non-Hispanic black (NHB) and non-Hispanic white (NHW) veterans with diabetes living in Georgia, Alabama, and South Carolina were analyzed for 2014. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was categorized as controlled (less than 8%) and uncontrolled (greater than or equal to 8%). Logistic regression was used to understand the additional explanatory capability of spatial random effects over covariates such as demographics, service connectedness, and comorbidities. Data aggregated at the county level were used to identify hotspots in distribution of uncontrolled HbA1c and tested using local Moran's I test.
resultsOverall percent uncontrolled HbA1c was 36.5% (40.8% in NHB and 33.4% in NHW). In unadjusted analyses, NHB had 37% higher odds of uncontrolled HbA1c (odds ratio [OR]: 1.37, 95% confidence interval, 1.32, 1.41). After adjusting for demographics and comorbidities, the OR decreased to 1.09 but remained significant (95% confidence interval, 1.05, 1.13). The OR further decreased after incorporating spatial effects (OR: 1.07, 95% confidence interval, 1.03, 1.11) but remained statistically significant. Hotspots of high HbA1c were detected, and spatial patterns differed across racial groups.
conclusionsDifferences in spatial patterns in glycemic control exists between NHB and NHW veterans with type 2 diabetes. Incorporating spatial effects helps explain more of the disparity in uncontrolled HbA1c than adjusting only for demographics and comorbidities, but significant differences in uncontrolled HbA1c remained.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.