ArticleMolecular pharmaceutics2018
Enhancing Efficacy and Stability of an Antiheroin Vaccine: Examination of Antinociception, Opioid Binding Profile, and Lethality.
Article in Molecular pharmaceutics, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Precision Adjuvant Strategies in Vaccine Development for Substance Use Disorders: Variability and Mechanistic Insights.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- A novel cationic liposome-formulated toll like receptor (TLR) 7/8 agonist enhances the efficacy of a vaccine against fentanyl toxicity.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2025Article
- The development of opioid vaccines as a novel strategy for the treatment of opioid use disorder and overdose prevention.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Review
- Multivalent Vaccination Strategies Protect against Exposure to Polydrug Opioid and Stimulant Mixtures in Mice and Rats.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2024Article
- Self-Adjuvanting TLR7/8 Agonist and Fentanyl Hapten Co-Conjugate Achieves Enhanced Protection against Fentanyl Challenge.Bioconjugate chemistry · 2023Article
- A TLR7/8 agonist increases efficacy of anti-fentanyl vaccines in rodent and porcine models.NPJ vaccines · 2023Article
- Immunotherapies for the Treatment of Drug Addiction.Vaccines · 2022Review
- Family of Structurally Related Bioconjugates Yields Antibodies with Differential Selectivity against Ketamine and 6-Hydroxynorketamine.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2021Article
- Housing conditions and microbial environment do not affect the efficacy of vaccines for treatment of opioid use disorders in mice and rats.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Article
- Translation of Polymeric Microneedles for Treatment of Human Diseases: Recent Trends, Progress, and Challenges.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
- Synthesis and immunological effects of C14-linked 4,5-epoxymorphinan analogues as novel heroin vaccine haptens.RSC chemical biology · 2021Article
- Pharmacy stakeholder reports on ethical and logistical considerations in anti-opioid vaccine development.BMC medical ethics · 2021Article
- Recent Advances in the Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder.Current pain and headache reports · 2021Review
- Developing Translational Vaccines against Heroin and Fentanyl through Investigation of Adjuvants and Stability.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- A synthetic opioid vaccine attenuates fentanyl-vs-food choice in male and female rhesus monkeys.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Article
- Sulfonate-isosteric replacement examined within heroin-hapten vaccine design.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters · 2020Article
- Enhancement of a Heroin Vaccine through Hapten Deuteration.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2020Article
- Evaluation of a Dual Fentanyl/Heroin Vaccine on the Antinociceptive and Reinforcing Effects of a Fentanyl/Heroin Mixture in Male and Female Rats.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2020Article
- Mechanisms of interleukin 4 mediated increase in efficacy of vaccines against opioid use disorders.NPJ vaccines · 2020Article
- Development of vaccines to treat opioid use disorders and reduce incidence of overdose.Neuropharmacology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In recent years, drug conjugate vaccines have shown promise as therapeutics for substance use disorder. As a means to improve the efficacy of a heroin conjugate vaccine, we systematically explored 20 vaccine formulations with varying combinations of carrier proteins and adjuvants. In regard to adjuvants, we explored a Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist and a TLR3 agonist in the presence of alum. The TLR9 agonist was cytosine-guanine oligodeoxynucleotide 1826 (CpG ODN 1826), while the TLR3 agonist was virus-derived genomic doubled-stranded RNA (dsRNA). The vaccine formulations containing TLR3 or TLR9 agonist alone elicited strong antiheroin antibody titers and blockade of heroin-induced antinociception when formulated with alum; however, a combination of TLR3 and TLR9 adjuvants did not result in improved efficacy. Investigation of month-long stability of the two lead formulations revealed that the TLR9 but not the TLR3 formulation was stable when stored as a lyophilized solid or as a liquid over 30 days. Furthermore, mice immunized with the TLR9 + alum heroin vaccine gained significant protection from lethal heroin doses, suggesting that this vaccine formulation is suitable for mitigating the harmful effects of heroin, even following month-long storage at room temperature.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.