ArticleThe Journal of comparative neurology2018
Neurotransmitter diversity in pre-synaptic terminals located in the parvicellular neuroendocrine paraventricular nucleus of the rat and mouse hypothalamus.
Article in The Journal of comparative neurology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Hypothalamic Inhibitory Circuit Encoding the Scalability of Stress Responses.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Chemoarchitectural studies of the rat hypothalamus and zona incerta.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Single-cell genomics meets systems neuroscience: Insights from mapping the brain circuitry of stress.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2025Review
- GHRH Neurons from the Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus Provide Dynamic and Sex-Specific Input to the Brain Glucose-Regulatory Network.Neuroscience · 2023Article
- Article
- Paraventricular nucleus-Medullary interactions: How they help enable endocrine responses to metabolic stress.Current opinion in endocrine and metabolic research · 2022Article
- Regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone neuronal network activity by noradrenergic stress signals.The Journal of physiology · 2022Article
- The physiological control of eating: signals, neurons, and networks.Physiological reviews · 2022 · on this mapArticle
- The interplay between glutamatergic circuits and oxytocin neurons in the hypothalamus and its relevance to neurodevelopmental disorders.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2021Review
- Connect-seq to superimpose molecular on anatomical neural circuit maps.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- Neuromodulation of maternal circuits by oxytocin.Cell and tissue research · 2019Review
- Glutamate Cotransmission in Cholinergic, GABAergic and Monoamine Systems: Contrasts and Commonalities.Frontiers in neural circuits · 2018Review
- Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Virtually all rodent neuroendocrine corticotropin-releasing-hormone (CRH) neurons are in the dorsal medial parvicellular (mpd) part of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH). They form the final common pathway for adrenocortical stress responses. Their activity is controlled by sets of GABA-, glutamate-, and catecholamine-containing inputs arranged in an interactive pre-motor network. Defining the nature and arrangement of these inputs can help clarify how stressor type and intensity information is conveyed to neuroendocrine neurons. Here we use immunohistochemistry with high-resolution 3-dimensional image analyses to examine the arrangement of single- and co-occurring GABA, glutamate, and catecholamine markers in synaptophysin-defined pre-synaptic terminals in the PVHmpd of unstressed rats and Crh-IRES-Cre;Ai14 transgenic mice: respectively, vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGluT2), vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT), dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH), and phenylethanolamine n-methyltransferase (PNMT). Just over half of all PVHmpd pre-synaptic terminals contain VGAT, with slightly less containing VGluT2. The vast majority of terminal appositions with mouse CRH neurons occur non-somatically. However, there are significantly more somatic VGAT than VGluT2 appositions. In the rat PVHmpd, about five times as many pre-synaptic terminals contain PNMT than DBH only. However, because epinephrine release has never been detected in the PVH, PNMT terminals may functionally be noradrenergic not adrenergic. PNMT and VGluT2 co-occur in some pre-synaptic terminals indicating the potential for co-transmission of glutamate and norepinephrine. Collectively, these results provide a structural basis for how GABA/glutamate/catecholamine interactions enable adrenocortical responses to fast-onset interosensory stimuli, and more broadly, how combinations of PVH neurotransmitters and neuromodulators interact dynamically to control adrenocortical activity.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.