ArticleExperimental and therapeutic medicine2018
Insulin resistance, blood glucose and inflammatory cytokine levels are risk factors for cardiovascular events in diabetic patients complicated with coronary heart disease.
Article in Experimental and therapeutic medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- A meta-analysis of the prognostic value of the TyG index in heart failure.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Prognostic Significance of Triglyceride-Glucose Index for Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Effects of a Tai Chi rehabilitation program implemented using a hybrid online and offline mode on oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in patients with coronary heart disease: a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in public health · 2024Trial
- Association of Triglyceride-Glucose Index with Negative Clinical Outcomes in Geriatric Patients with Chronic Heart Failure.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Exploring Core Symptoms and Symptom Clusters Among Older Adults with Hypertension-Diabetes Comorbidity: A Network Analysis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Association betweenThe Journal of international medical research · 2026Article
- Construction and evaluation of risk prediction model for major adverse cardiovascular events in peritoneal dialysis patients.Frontiers in nephrology · 2026Article
- Low skeletal muscle mass independently predicts the progression of insulin resistance in non-obese older adults: a six-year cohort study.Diabetology international · 2025Article
- Triglyceride-glucose index is a significant predictor of hospital mortality in non-diabetic critically ill patients with ischemic stroke: a retrospective cohort study of the MIMIC-IV database.Acta diabetologica · 2025Article
- Triglyceride-glucose index as a novel prognostic biomarker for coronary artery disease: evidence from a large-scale prospective cohort study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Interplay Between Insulin Resistance and Immune Dysregulation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Implications for Therapeutic Interventions.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2025Review
- The Association Between Preoperative Triglyceride Glucose Index and Postoperative Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Non-Cardiac Surgery: A Single-Center Study From China.Therapeutics and clinical risk management · 2025Article
- Triglyceride to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio and Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Community-Dwelling Adults: an NHANES Analysis.Yonsei medical journal · 2024Article
- Baseline and usual triglyceride-glucose index and the risk of chronic kidney disease: a prospective cohort study.GeroScience · 2024Article
- Relationship between preoperative high triglyceride-glucose index and myocardial injury following non-cardiac surgery in advanced-age patients: a retrospective cohort study.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2024Article
- Association between different insulin resistance surrogates and all-cause mortality in patients with coronary heart disease and hypertension: NHANES longitudinal cohort study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2024Article
- Association of triglyceride glucose index with cardiovascular events: insights from the Isfahan Cohort Study (ICS).European journal of medical research · 2024Article
- Research hotspots and trends in diabetes and insulin resistance: a bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Relationship betweenFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- High Inflammatory Factor Levels Increase Cardiovascular Complications in Diabetic Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.BioMed research international · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the relation of insulin resistance, blood glucose and inflammatory cytokines with cardiovascular events in diabetic patients complicated with coronary heart disease (CHD). A total of 120 patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) complicated with CHD admitted to Jinan Central Hospital from January 2015 to March 2016 were enrolled in this study. There were 60 cases complicated with cardiovascular events and 60 had no history of cardiovascular events; there were 40 cases with abnormal blood glucose, 40 with insulin resistance and 40 with elevated inflammatory cytokines. Changes in the levels of blood glucose, fasting serum insulin and inflammatory cytokines as well as changes in the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance indexes (HOMA-IR) were recorded and compared among groups of patients. Besides, changes in the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) risk score and the incidence rate of cardiovascular events were also detected and multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted so as to identify relevant risk factors. Our results showed the fasting blood glucose and the 2 h postprandial blood glucose levels in the non-cardiovascular event group were lower than those in the cardiovascular event group (P<0.05). However, levels of fasting serum insulin and HOMA-IR in the non-cardiovascular event group were significantly higher than those in the cardiovascular event group (P<0.05). Additionally, levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein in the non-cardiovascular event group were significantly lower than those in the cardiovascular event group (P<0.05). Moreover, GRACE risk scores in patients with elevated inflammatory cytokines were higher than those in patients with insulin resistance and those in patients with blood glucose abnormalities (P<0.05). The incidence rate of cardiovascular events in patients with blood glucose abnormalities was lower than that in patients with insulin resistance and that in patients with elevated inflammatory cytokines. There was a positive correlation between TNF-α and HOMA-IR (P<0.05), and between HOMA-IR and the GRACE risk score (P<0.05). Blood glucose abnormalities, insulin resistance and inflammatory cytokines were all independent risk factors for cardiovascular events. Based on our findings, stronger inflammatory responses in patients with T2DM complicated with CHD lead to higher incidence rates of cardiovascular events. Besides that, elevated blood glucose and insulin resistance levels are also independent risk factors for cardiovascular events.
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