ArticlePloS one2018
Development of vaccine for dyslipidemia targeted to a proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) epitope in mice.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunotherapy and vaccine-based approaches for atherosclerosis prevention: a systematic review study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Unlocking the Potency of Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin: Structural Insights, Immunological Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Frontiers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The State-of-the Art of Personalized Vaccines for Non-Communicable Diseases: A Narrative Review.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Efficient Synthesis of Enlicitide Chloride through Convergent Solution-Phase and Hybrid Solution-Solid-Phase Strategies.Precision chemistry · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential of PCSK9-regulating drugs.Pharmaceutical biology · 2025Review
- ANGPTL3: A Breakthrough Target in Treatment for Dyslipidemia and Atherosclerosis.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2025Review
- Estimating the best PCSK9 vaccine design for atherosclerosis based on mouse models: A frequentist network meta-analysis.Global cardiology science & practice · 2025Article
- Transforming hypercholesterolemia management: Spotlight on PCSK9 peptide vaccines.Cell reports. Medicine · 2024Article
- Therapeutic Vaccines and Nucleic Acid Drugs for Cardiovascular Disease.Journal of lipid and atherosclerosis · 2024Review
- Whether and Why Do We Need a Vaccine Against Atherosclerosis? Can We Expect It Anytime Soon?Current atherosclerosis reports · 2024Review
- Dyslipidemia: A Narrative Review on Pharmacotherapy.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The role of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) in macrophage activation: a focus on its LDL receptor-independent mechanisms.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Review
- A virus-like particle-based bivalent PCSK9 vaccine lowers LDL-cholesterol levels in non-human primates.NPJ vaccines · 2023Article
- World Experience in Immunization against Noncommunicable Diseases: Successes and Vectors for Further Development.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Immunomodulation Therapies for Atherosclerosis: The Past, the Present, and the Future.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Two decades of vaccine development against atherosclerosis.Nano today · 2023Article
- A Virus-like particle-based bivalent PCSK9 vaccine lowers LDL-cholesterol levels in Non-Human Primates.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Current progress in the development of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines.Science China. Life sciences · 2023Review
- Peptide-based vaccine targeting IL17A attenuates experimental spondyloarthritis in HLA-B27 transgenic rats.RMD open · 2023Article
- A cVLP-Based Vaccine Displaying Full-Length PCSK9 Elicits a Higher Reduction in Plasma PCSK9 Than Similar Peptide-Based cVLP Vaccines.Vaccines · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) regulates expression of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors via receptor internalization and subsequent lysosomal degradation. Thus, an anti-PCSK9 antibody is well known as an anti-hyperlipidemia drug. Here, we aimed to develop vaccine for a long-term treatment of dyslipidemia targeted to PCSK9. In This study, we designed a peptide vaccine for mouse PCSK-9, which consisted of short peptides conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) as a carrier protein. Vaccines were administered to male apolipoprotein E (ApoE) deficient mice with adjuvants and significantly elicited an antibody response against PCSK9. The PCSK9 vaccines were administered to mice three times in 2-week intervals, and antibody titers and lipoprotein levels were evaluated up to 24 weeks after the first immunization to determine the therapeutic effect. Anti-PCSK9 antibody titers reached peak levels 6 weeks after the first immunization, and theses titers were maintained for up to 24 weeks. Decreased plasma levels of total cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and chylomicron (CM) were maintained for up to 24 weeks. Immunized mice exhibited a significant increase in cell-surface LDL receptor expression. Stimulation with KLH, but not PCSK9, induced the production of INF-gamma and interleukin-4 (IL-4), as determined with ELISPOT assays, thus indicating that PCSK9 vaccine did not elicit T-cell activation in our vaccine system. The present anti-PCSK9 vaccine induced long-lasting anti-PCSK9 antibody production and improved lipoprotein profiles. Thus, anti-PCSK9 vaccine could become a new option for the treatment of dyslipidemia as a long-acting therapy in future.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.