SynthesisAdvances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)2018
Vitamin D Status and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.
Synthesis in Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of vitamin D in pregnancy on maternal and offspring health-related outcomes: An umbrella review of systematic review and meta-analyses.Nutrition & diabetes · 2024Pooled it
- Vitamin D and human health: evidence from Mendelian randomization studies.European journal of epidemiology · 2024Pooled it
- Oral vitamin D supplementation and body weight in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.European journal of pediatrics · 2023Pooled it
- Vitamin D and Multiple Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review of Observational Studies, Randomized Controlled Trials, and Mendelian Randomization Studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022Pooled it
- Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplementation in the First 2 Years of Life on Psychiatric Symptoms at Ages 6 to 8 Years: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2023Trial
- Effect of Vitamin D on Paraxonase-1, Total Antioxidant Capacity, and 8-Isoprostan in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.International journal of clinical practice · 2022Trial
- Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Inflammatory Biomarkers in School-Aged Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.International journal of clinical practice · 2022Trial
- Effect of High-Dose vs Standard-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation on Neurodevelopment of Healthy Term Infants: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2021Trial
- High-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation in Pregnancy and Neurodevelopment in Childhood: A Prespecified Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2020Trial
- Article
- Vitamin D and Vitamin BDiseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Fat-soluble vitamin deficiency in children with neurodevelopmental disorders: a cross-sectional study.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Association of Vitamin D and Weight Status With Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in a Large Pediatric Population: Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2026Article
- Evaluation of the relationship between vitamin levels and symptom severity in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Epidemiological characteristics of comorbidities in childhood Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and common comorbidity patterns.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Gut-Brain Inflammatory Pathways in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: The Role and Therapeutic Potential of Diet.Metabolites · 2025Review
- Mapping associations of polygenic scores with autistic and ADHD traits in a single city region.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2025Article
- Vitamin D insufficiency and sleep disturbances in children with ADHD: a case-control study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Serum levels of fat-soluble vitamins in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and relationship with symptom subtypes.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- A closer look at the role of nutrition in children and adults with ADHD and neurodivergence.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
An association between vitamin D and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been proposed by several researchers in recent years; however, the investigations have led to inconsistent results. The present study was conducted to summarize the published observational data on the relation between vitamin D status and the likelihood of ADHD. Online databases, including PubMed, the ISI Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus, were checked up to June 2017 for relevant observational studies. A random-effects model was incorporated to summarize the study results. Out of 2770 retrieved articles, 13 observational studies (9 case-control or cross-sectional studies and 4 prospective studies) were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Analysis of the 10,334 children and adolescents who attended the 9 case-control or cross-sectional studies revealed that children with ADHD have lower serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D than do healthy children (weighted mean difference: -6.75 ng/mL; 95% CI: -9.73, -3.77 ng/mL; I2 = 94.9%]. Five case-control studies reported the OR for developing ADHD based on vitamin D status; the meta-analysis of their data revealed that lower vitamin D status is significantly associated with the likelihood of ADHD (OR: 2.57; 95% CI: 1.09, 6.04; I2 = 84.3%). Furthermore, the meta-analysis of prospective studies conducted in 4137 participants indicated that perinatal suboptimal vitamin D concentrations are significantly associated with a higher risk of ADHD in later life (RR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.81; I2 = 0.0%). It should be noted that the association found in prospective studies was sensitive to one of the included investigations. The present review provides evidence supporting the relation between vitamin D deficiency and ADHD. However, the overall effect sizes are small, and therefore the association should be considered equivocal at this time. Further prospective cohort studies and community-based intervention trials are highly recommended to better elucidate the causal association.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.