ReviewAdvances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)2018
Butyrate: A Double-Edged Sword for Health?
Review in Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05119010 (A Pilot Study Evaluating a Ketogenic Diet Concomitant to Nivolumab and Ipilimumab in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma), which is not on this map. Cited by 626 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Pilot Study Evaluating a Ketogenic Diet Concomitant to Nivolumab and Ipilimumab in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Who cites it
626 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,091 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gut Microbiome in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Stages 4 and 5: A Systematic Literature Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- The Impact of Egg Consumption on Gastrointestinal Health: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Unravelling the gut-brain connection: a systematic review of migraine and the gut microbiome.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy of probiotic, prebiotic, synbiotic and postbiotic supplementation on gastrointestinal health in cats: systematic review and meta-analysis.The Journal of small animal practice · 2025Pooled it
- Effect ofNutrients · 2026Trial
- Associations between diet, metabolome, gut microbiota and blood pressure in Australian adults.Nutrition journal · 2026Trial
- Short-term sleep restriction in humans alters diurnal circulating metabolite profiles, including those of microbial origin.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Trial
- IgG positive food elimination diet altered gut microbiota, decreased zonulin in migraine adults: a pilot dietary intervention trial.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Trial
- Efficacy of Microencapsulated Sodium Butyrate as Add-On Therapy in Inducing Remission in Patients with Mild-To-Moderate Ulcerative Colitis: Results From a Multi-Center, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2025Trial
- Enhancing outcomes in medically inoperable early-stage NSCLC with gut-targeted antibiotics and stereotactic body radiotherapy: results from a randomized pilot study.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Trial
- Bridging the gap:Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Branched-chain amino acids and gut microbiota: coregulation and impact on neurological function via the gut-brain axis.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- The protease code of the bacterial gut microbiota: ecological regulation, barrier disruption, and rewiring host defense and signaling.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Exploring the gut microbiome and metabolomic interactions of antimetabolite drugs to optimize therapy.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- The impact of gut microbiota and metabolite-driven immune cell spatiotemporal dynamics on tumors.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Decoding dietary pectin: from structural complexity and microbial CAZyme-PUL networks to cross-feeding and host-beneficial metabolites.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Short-Chain Fatty Acids: Microbial Metabolites Driving Gut-Eye Axis Signaling.Comprehensive physiology · 2026Review
- Establishment of an In Vitro DSS-Induced Epithelial Injury Model to Investigate Dose-Dependent Effects of IL-6 and Butyrate on Barrier Function.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- The Gut Microbiome as a Mechanistic Link Between the Planetary Health Diet and Healthy Aging.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Prevotella melaninogenica Alleviate Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection Through the Butyrate Based on Multi-Omic Analysis and Experimental Validation.Chemical biology & drug design · 2026Article
566 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Butyrate, a four-carbon short-chain fatty acid, is produced through microbial fermentation of dietary fibers in the lower intestinal tract. Endogenous butyrate production, delivery, and absorption by colonocytes have been well documented. Butyrate exerts its functions by acting as a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor or signaling through several G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Recently, butyrate has received particular attention for its beneficial effects on intestinal homeostasis and energy metabolism. With anti-inflammatory properties, butyrate enhances intestinal barrier function and mucosal immunity. However, the role of butyrate in obesity remains controversial. Growing evidence has highlighted the impact of butyrate on the gut-brain axis. In this review, we summarize the present knowledge on the properties of butyrate, especially its potential effects and mechanisms involved in intestinal health and obesity.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.