The many faces of diabetes: addressing heterogeneity of a complex disease.

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

1. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of novel diabetes subgroups: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2025
   Pooled it
2. Type 2 Diabetes: How Much of an Autoimmune Disease?Frontiers in endocrinology · 2019
   Pooled it
3. Cluster-Defined Metabolic Heterogeneity and Longitudinal Effects of Allopurinol and SGLT2 Inhibitors in Hyperuricemic Type 2 Diabetes.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
   Article
4. The role of breastfeeding as a protective factor against the development of the immune-mediated diseases: A systematic review.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023
   Review
5. Alterations in Microbiota and Metabolites Related to Spontaneous Diabetes and Pre-Diabetes in Rhesus Macaques.Genes · 2022
   Article
6. Potential therapeutic role of pyroptosis mediated by the NLRP3 inflammasome in type 2 diabetes and its complications.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022
   Review
7. The 1-Hour Plasma Glucose: Common Link Across the Glycemic Spectrum.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021
   Review
8. The circulating ANGPTL8 levels show differences among novel subgroups of adult patients with diabetes and are associated with mortality in the subsequent 5 years.Scientific reports · 2020
   Article
9. Network medicine-travelling with the insulin receptor: Encounter of the second type.EClinicalMedicine · 2019
   Review
10. Reverse GWAS: Using genetics to identify and model phenotypic subtypes.PLoS genetics · 2019
    Article
11. Unusual high blood glucose in ketoacidosis as first presentation of type 1 diabetes mellitusEndocrinology, diabetes & metabolism case reports · 2018
    Article
12. Clinical phenotyping of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes in Yemen.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2018
    Article

Corrections and comments

• Comment on
  Novel subgroups of adult-onset diabetes and their association with outcomes: a data-driven cluster analysis of six variables.2018

Authors and funding

1 author.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

Abstract

PubMed holds no abstract for this paper.

Indexed as