Trial reportProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2018
Tradeoffs between immune function and childhood growth among Amazonian forager-horticulturalists.
Trial report in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 174 citations in OpenAlex.
- The utility of dried blood spot measurement of bone turnover markers in biological anthropology.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2022Pooled it
- A sex- and gender-based analysis of factors associated with linear growth in infants in Ecuadorian Andes.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Energy constraint on human health.Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM · 2026Review
- Body composition, geography and ethnicity: understanding the associations with health.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Review
- Inflammaging mediates testosterone declines in men while maintaining high testosterone increases mortality risk.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Navigating Practical, Political, and Ethical Challenges of Long-Term Human Biology Field Research: The Shuar Health and Life History Project.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2026Article
- Article
- Impaired Intestinal Function Among Indigenous Shuar Children of Amazonian Ecuador: Evidence From Lactulose:Mannitol Tests of Absorption and Permeability.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2026Article
- The Shuar Health and Life History Project: Overview at 20 Years and Introduction to the Special Issue.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2026Article
- The immune system as a guardian of health: micronutrient support and lifelong protection.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Experimental evidence of life history trade-offs during ultra-endurance physical activity.Evolutionary human sciences · 2026Article
- Oxidative Stress and Its Relationship With Market Integration and Pathogen Exposure Among Indigenous Shuar Children of Amazonian Ecuador.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2026Article
- Amazonian Shuar testosterone levels are related to parasite infection: immunocompetence handicap hypothesis implications.Evolution, medicine, and public health · 2026Article
- Evidence for an energetic trade-off model linking inflammaging and immunosenescence in the US Health and Retirement Study and UK Biobank.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Transgenerational pathogen effects: Maternal pathogen exposure reduces offspring fitness.Ecology · 2025Article
- A causal model of human growth and its estimation using temporally sparse data.Royal Society open science · 2025Article
- Inflammaging is minimal among forager-horticulturalists in the Bolivian Amazon.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2025Article
- Biological Mechanisms for Allen's Rule: DNA Methylation as Mediator of the Association Between In Utero Exposure to Environmental Heat and Tibial Growth in Childhood.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2025Article
- Maternal allostatic load in pregnancy is prospectively associated with child adiposity and metabolic function across infancy and early childhood.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2025Article
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune function is an energetically costly physiological activity that potentially diverts calories away from less immediately essential life tasks. Among developing organisms, the allocation of energy toward immune function may lead to tradeoffs with physical growth, particularly in high-pathogen, low-resource environments. The present study tests this hypothesis across diverse timeframes, branches of immunity, and conditions of energy availability among humans. Using a prospective mixed-longitudinal design, we collected anthropometric and blood immune biomarker data from 261 Amazonian forager-horticulturalist Shuar children (age 4-11 y old). This strategy provided baseline measures of participant stature, s.c. body fat, and humoral and cell-mediated immune activity as well as subsample longitudinal measures of linear growth (1 wk, 3 mo, 20 mo) and acute inflammation. Multilevel analyses demonstrate consistent negative effects of immune function on growth, with children experiencing up to 49% growth reduction during periods of mildly elevated immune activity. The direct energetic nature of these relationships is indicated by (
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.