SynthesisHuman molecular genetics2018
Genome-wide association study identifies nine novel loci for 2D:4D finger ratio, a putative retrospective biomarker of testosterone exposure in utero.
Synthesis in Human molecular genetics, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- In support of 2D:4D: More data exploring its conflicting results on handedness, sexual orientation and sex differences.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Digit ratio (2D:4D) and transgender identity: new original data and a meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2020Pooled it
- Digit ratio (2D:4D) in relation to substance and computer use: a meta-analysis.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2019Pooled it
- Digit ratio (2D:4D) and academic success as measured by achievement in the academic degree "Habilitation".PloS one · 2019Trial
- Biomarkers of Internet Gaming Disorder-A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Variations in gender identity and sexual orientation of university students.Sexual medicine · 2023Article
- A genome-wide association study with tissue transcriptomics identifies genetic drivers for classic bladder exstrophy.Communications biology · 2022Article
- Giving science the finger-is the second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) a biomarker of good luck? A cross sectional study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2021Article
- A genome-wide association study of interhemispheric theta EEG coherence: implications for neural connectivity and alcohol use behavior.Molecular psychiatry · 2021Article
- Associations Between Cytochrome P450 (CYP) Gene Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Second-to-Fourth Digit Ratio in Chinese University Students.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2021Article
- Article
- The evolutionary biology of endometriosis.Evolution, medicine, and public health · 2021Review
- Second-to-fourth digit ratio and facial shape in Buryats of Southern Siberia.Early human development · 2020Article
- Depression, neuroticism and 2D:4D ratio: evidence from a large, representative sample.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- No relationship between the digit ratios (2D:4D) and salivary testosterone change: Study on men under an acute exercise.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- LIN28B affects gene expression at the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and serum testosterone levels.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Genome-wide association study of knee pain identifies associations withCommunications biology · 2019Article
- Associations between neurochemical receptor genes, 2D:4D, impulsivity and relationship quality.Biology letters · 2018Article
- Sex Differences in Rhesus Monkeys' Digit Ratio (2D:4D Ratio) and Its Association With Maternal Social Dominance Rank.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
31 authors at 12 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The ratio of the length of the index finger to that of the ring finger (2D:4D) is sexually dimorphic and is commonly used as a non-invasive biomarker of prenatal androgen exposure. Most association studies of 2D:4D ratio with a diverse range of sex-specific traits have typically involved small sample sizes and have been difficult to replicate, raising questions around the utility and precise meaning of the measure. In the largest genome-wide association meta-analysis of 2D:4D ratio to date (N = 15 661, with replication N = 75 821), we identified 11 loci (9 novel) explaining 3.8% of the variance in mean 2D:4D ratio. We also found weak evidence for association (β = 0.06; P = 0.02) between 2D:4D ratio and sensitivity to testosterone [length of the CAG microsatellite repeat in the androgen receptor (AR) gene] in females only. Furthermore, genetic variants associated with (adult) testosterone levels and/or sex hormone-binding globulin were not associated with 2D:4D ratio in our sample. Although we were unable to find strong evidence from our genetic study to support the hypothesis that 2D:4D ratio is a direct biomarker of prenatal exposure to androgens in healthy individuals, our findings do not explicitly exclude this possibility, and pathways involving testosterone may become apparent as the size of the discovery sample increases further. Our findings provide new insight into the underlying biology shaping 2D:4D variation in the general population.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.