Evidence mapPaperPMID 29662003Full record

ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2018

PPAR Agonists and Metabolic Syndrome: An Established Role?

Margherita Botta, Matteo Audano, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Cesare R Sirtori, Nico Mitro, Massimiliano Ruscica

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 132 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
132citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
8.4field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

132 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 249 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis ofFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022
    Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Trial
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Insulin Resistance and Inflammation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Role of ChREBP-PPARα-FGF21 Axis in Metabolic Dysfunction of MASLD.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Hypolipidemic effect and mechanism of Hedan tablet based on network pharmacology.Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan · 2025
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Review

72 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Margherita BottaDipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy. margherita.botta@unimi.it.
Matteo AudanoDipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy. matteo.audano@unimi.it.
Amirhossein SahebkarBiotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran. amir_saheb2000@yahoo.com.
Cesare R SirtoriCentro Dislipidemie, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy. cesare.sirtori@icloud.com.
Nico MitroDipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy. nico.mitro@unimi.it.ORCID 0000-0002-5000-3619
Massimiliano RuscicaDipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy. massimiliano.ruscica@unimi.it.ORCID 0000-0002-0195-7061
University of Milan · ITAzienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Lariana · ITMashhad University of Medical Sciences · IR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Therapeutic approaches to metabolic syndrome (MetS) are numerous and may target lipoproteins, blood pressure or anthropometric indices. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are involved in the metabolic regulation of lipid and lipoprotein levels, i.e., triglycerides (TGs), blood glucose, and abdominal adiposity. PPARs may be classified into the α, β/δ and γ subtypes. The PPAR-α agonists, mainly fibrates (including newer molecules such as pemafibrate) and omega-3 fatty acids, are powerful TG-lowering agents. They mainly affect TG catabolism and, particularly with fibrates, raise the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). PPAR-γ agonists, mainly glitazones, show a smaller activity on TGs but are powerful glucose-lowering agents. Newer PPAR-α/δ agonists, e.g., elafibranor, have been designed to achieve single drugs with TG-lowering and HDL-C-raising effects, in addition to the insulin-sensitizing and antihyperglycemic effects of glitazones. They also hold promise for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which is closely associated with the MetS. The PPAR system thus offers an important hope in the management of atherogenic dyslipidemias, although concerns regarding potential adverse events such as the rise of plasma creatinine, gallstone formation, drug-drug interactions (i.e., gemfibrozil) and myopathy should also be acknowledged.

Indexed as

Drug DiscoveryAnimalsBenzoxazolesButyratesChalconesHumansHypoglycemic AgentsHypolipidemic AgentsInsulin ResistanceLipid MetabolismLipidsMetabolic SyndromePeroxisome Proliferator-Activated ReceptorsPropionatesThiazolidinedionesTriglycerides2-(2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)-3-oxo-1-propenyl)phenoxyl)-2-methylpropanoic acidBenzoxazolesButyratesChalconesHypoglycemic AgentsHypolipidemic AgentsLipidsPeroxisome Proliferator-Activated ReceptorsPropionates(R)-2-(3-((benzoxazol-2-yl-d4 (3-(4-methoxyphenoxy-d7)propyl)amino)methyl)phenoxy) butanoic acidThiazolidinedionesTriglycerideselafibrinormetabolic syndromepemafibratePPARs

Identifiers

PMID29662003
PMCPMC5979533
OpenAlexW2797947316

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.