ArticleNature medicine2018
Elevated prenatal anti-Müllerian hormone reprograms the fetus and induces polycystic ovary syndrome in adulthood.
Article in Nature medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 209 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
209 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 417 citations in OpenAlex.
- Uterine morphology and anomalies in women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Association between maternal polycystic ovarian syndrome undergoing assisted reproductive technology and pregnancy complications and neonatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of ovarian research · 2024Pooled it
- Metabolic dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome: Pathogenic role of androgen excess and potential therapeutic strategies.Molecular metabolism · 2020Pooled it
- Randomized Controlled Trial of Neurokinin 3 Receptor Antagonist Fezolinetant for Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Trial
- Effects of Oral Contraception and Lifestyle Modification on Incretins and TGF-ß Superfamily Hormones in PCOS.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Trial
- Kisspeptin treatment induces gonadotropic responses and rescues ovulation in a subset of preclinical models and women with polycystic ovary syndrome.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2019Trial
- Polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome in pregnancy: pathophysiology and outcomes.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2026Review
- GnRH-receptor antagonism as a targeted approach to reproductive dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Inflammatory response and immunological alteration in polycystic ovary syndrome: An integrative case-control study.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS)/polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): current and future trends.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- MASLD, diabetes and PMOS across the female life stages.Diabetologia · 2026Review
- High AMH levels are associated with late miscarriage in women with PCOS undergoing frozen-thawed embryo transfer.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Reduced CAG Repeats in the Androgen Receptor Gene May Independently Cause Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Molecular mechanisms and multi-organ regulatory roles of anti-Müllerian hormone in female reproduction.Communications biology · 2026Review
- A rise in prepubertal DHEA in the spiny mouse reveals the effect of adrenarche on the reproductive axis.BMC biology · 2026Article
- Arcuate nucleus-specific progesterone receptor knockdown in female mice is sufficient to induce PCOS-like hyperactivity in the reproductive axis.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2026Article
- Epigenetic regulation by DNA methylation in PCOS and POI: mechanisms of ovarian dysfunction and implications for clinical research.Journal of ovarian research · 2026Review
- The Ontogeny of Distinct Reproductive Phenotypes in Girls at Risk for PCOS During the Postmenarchal Transition.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Article
- Combined metabolic-reproductive association and predictive value of AMH and TyG index in PCOS: a single-center retrospective study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Revisited: Novel Insights and Updates.International journal of medical sciences · 2026Review
149 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the main cause of female infertility worldwide and corresponds with a high degree of comorbidities and economic burden. How PCOS is passed on from one generation to the next is not clear, but it may be a developmental condition. Most women with PCOS exhibit higher levels of circulating luteinizing hormone, suggestive of heightened gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release, and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) as compared to healthy women. Excess AMH in utero may affect the development of the female fetus. However, as AMH levels drop during pregnancy in women with normal fertility, it was unclear whether their levels were also elevated in pregnant women with PCOS. Here we measured AMH in a cohort of pregnant women with PCOS and control pregnant women and found that AMH is significantly more elevated in the former group versus the latter. To determine whether the elevation of AMH during pregnancy in women with PCOS is a bystander effect or a driver of the condition in the offspring, we modeled our clinical findings by treating pregnant mice with AMH and followed the neuroendocrine phenotype of their female progeny postnatally. This treatment resulted in maternal neuroendocrine-driven testosterone excess and diminished placental metabolism of testosterone to estradiol, resulting in a masculinization of the exposed female fetus and a PCOS-like reproductive and neuroendocrine phenotype in adulthood. We found that the affected females had persistently hyperactivated GnRH neurons and that GnRH antagonist treatment in the adult female offspring restored their neuroendocrine phenotype to a normal state. These findings highlight a critical role for excess prenatal AMH exposure and subsequent aberrant GnRH receptor signaling in the neuroendocrine dysfunctions of PCOS, while offering a new potential therapeutic avenue to treat the condition during adulthood.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.