Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29853312›Full record

ArticleJournal of clinical lipidology

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol response after statin initiation among persons living with human immunodeficiency virus.

Greer A Burkholder, Paul Muntner, Hong Zhao, Michael J Mugavero, E Turner Overton, Meredith Kilgore, Daniel R Drozd, Heidi M Crane, Richard D Moore, Wm Christopher Mathews and 4 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of clinical lipidology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
3.0field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Observational
  2. Review
  3. Observational
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  6. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.

Greer A BurkholderDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA. Electronic address: gburkholder@uabmc.edu.
Paul MuntnerDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Hong ZhaoDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Michael J MugaveroDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
E Turner OvertonDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Meredith KilgoreDepartment of Health Care Organization and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Daniel R DrozdDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Heidi M CraneDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Richard D MooreDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Wm Christopher MathewsDepartment of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Elvin GengDepartment of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Stephen BoswellDepartment of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Michelle Floris-MooreDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Robert S RosensonDepartment of Medicine, Mount Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
University of Alabama at Birmingham · USUniversity of Washington · USHarvard University · USIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai · USJohns Hopkins University · USUniversity of California, San Diego · USUniversity of California, San Francisco · USUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · US

Funding

Unsolicited R24 for the CFAR-Network of Integrated Clinical Sciences, CNICSR24AI067039 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI Michael S. Saag · 2006 to 2026
$99.4M
Virology, Immunology, and Microbiology CoreP30AI050410 · NIAID · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI DAVID M. MARGOLIS · 2001 to 2026
$76.9M
Enhancing information, motivation, and behavioral skills to promote antihypertensive medication adherence among persons living with HIVK23HL126570 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI BURKHOLDER, GREER A · 2015 to 2019
$914k
NHLBI NIH HHS K23 HL126570NIAID NIH HHS R24 AI067039
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMeta-analyses of general population studies report mean low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) reductions of 30% to <50% with moderate-intensity and ≥50% with high-intensity statins. Persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) are at high risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), yet many have elevated LDL-C.

objectiveTo evaluate LDL-C response after statin initiation among PLWH.

methodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of PLWH initiating statins between 2009 and 2013 (N = 706). Patients were categorized into mutually exclusive groups in the following hierarchy: history of coronary heart disease (CHD), diabetes, prestatin LDL-C ≥190 mg/dL, 10-year predicted ASCVD risk ≥7.5%, and none of the above (ie, unknown statin indication). The primary outcome was a ≥30% reduction in LDL-C after statin initiation.

resultsAmong patients initiating statins, 5.8% had a history of CHD, 13.6% had diabetes, 6.2% had LDL-C ≥190 mg/dL, 35.4% had 10-year ASCVD risk ≥7.5%, and 39.0% had an unknown statin indication. Among patients with a history of CHD, 31.7% achieved a ≥30% LDL-C reduction compared with 25.0%, 59.1%, and 33.9% among those with diabetes, LDL-C ≥190 mg/dL, and 10-year ASCVD risk ≥7.5%, respectively. In multivariable adjusted analyses and compared to patients with an unknown statin indication, LDL-C ≥ 190 mg/dL was associated with a prevalence ratio for an LDL-C reduction ≥30% of 1.81 (95% confidence interval, 1.34-2.45), whereas no statistically significant association was present for history of CHD, diabetes, and 10-year ASCVD risk ≥7.5%.

conclusionA low percentage of PLWH achieved the expected reductions in LDL-C after statin initiation, highlighting an unmet need for ASCVD risk reduction.

Indexed as

AdultAtherosclerosisCardiovascular DiseasesCholesterol, LDLCoronary DiseaseDiabetes MellitusFemaleHIV InfectionsHumansHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsCholesterol, LDLHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsCardiovascular diseaseDyslipidemiaHIV infectionLow-density lipoprotein cholesterolStatin

Identifiers

PMID29853312
PMCPMC9113294
OpenAlexW2794474527

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.