Evidence mapPaperPMID 29879890Full record

SynthesisCurrent diabetes reviews2020

Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents.

Badhma Valaiyapathi, Barbara Gower, Ambika P Ashraf

Open access · greenAbstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Current diabetes reviews, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
72citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
9.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

72 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 123 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Article
  5. Observational
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  7. Article
  8. Review
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  15. Review
  16. Childhood obesity: The threatening apprentice of the adiposity empire.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2025
    Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. A Randomized Phase 3 Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Alogliptin in Pediatric Participants with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2025
    Article

12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Badhma ValaiyapathiDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.
Barbara GowerDepartment of Nutrition Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.
Ambika P AshrafDepartment of Pediatrics/Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.
University of Alabama at Birmingham · US

Funding

UAB Diabetes Research CenterP30DK079626 · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · 2025 to 2025
$1.3M
NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK079626
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe prevalence of type 2 diabetes (DM) in children is disturbingly increasing in parallel with the increasing childhood obesity. Better knowledge regarding the pathophysiology of type 2 DM in children is paramount to devise an effective management plan.

objectiveDiscuss the pathophysiology of type 2 DM in children and adolescents. METHODS AND

resultsThis is a comprehensive review of the literature on this topic. Type 2 DM in childhood is viewed as a continuum of insulin resistance (IR) which is determined by an underlying genetic predisposition, intrauterine environment, excessive food consumption, continued rapid weight gain, and poor lifestyle. Besides IR, this is compounded by multiple metabolic defects including β-cell dysfunction and inadequate insulin secretion, α-cell dysfunction, hyperglucagonemia and increased hepatic glucose production, lipotoxicity, inflammation, deficiencies in incretin production and action, and increased renal glucose reabsorption. The confluence of genetic and environmental factors underscores the complexity in disease progression.

conclusionA consistent single risk factor for type 2 DM is obesity and related IR and therefore it is essential to curtail the progression of obesity. It is important to investigate the role of stringent dietary and nutritional approaches, medications that enhance β-cell function and insulin sensitivity.

Indexed as

AdolescentChildDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2HumansInsulin ResistancePediatric ObesityRisk Factorshyperglucagonemiahyperglycemiaincretininsulin resistanceinsulin secretionobesity.Type 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID29879890
PMCPMC7516333
OpenAlexW2889871705

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.