ArticleDiabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders2018
Semaglutide s.c. Once-Weekly in Type 2 Diabetes: A Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis.
Article in Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It reports registered trial NCT01720446. Cited by 31 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Long-term, Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Multinational, Multi-centre Trial to Evaluate Cardiovascular and Other Long-term Outcomes With Semaglutide in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes (SUSTAIN™ 6 - Long-term Outcomes)
Open the trial in the graphEfficacy and Safety of Semaglutide Once-weekly Versus Exenatide ER 2.0 mg Once-weekly as add-on to 1-2 Oral Antidiabetic Drugs (OADs) in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes (SUSTAIN™ 3 - vs. QW GLP-1)
Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide Once-weekly Versus Sitagliptin Once-daily as add-on to Metformin and/or TZD in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes (SUSTAIN™ 2 - vs. DPP-4 Inhibitor)
Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide Once-weekly Versus Placebo in Drug-naïve Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes
Safety and Efficacy of Semaglutide Once Weekly in Monotherapy or in Combination With One OAD in Japanese Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Who Are Insufficiently Controlled on Diet/Exercise Therapy or OAD Monotherapy
Open the trial in the graphWho cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Perioperative management of patients taking glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists: Society for Perioperative Assessment and Quality Improvement (SPAQI) multidisciplinary consensus statement.British journal of anaesthesia · 2025Pooled it
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Semaglutide: A Systematic Review.Drug design, development and therapy · 2024Pooled it
- Utilization of Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling in Pharmacoepidemiological Studies: A Systematic Review on Antiarrhythmic and Glucose-Lowering Medicines.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Efficacy and Safety of the New Appetite Suppressant, Liraglutide: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2021Pooled it
- Levels of circulating semaglutide determine reductions in HbA1c and body weight in people with type 2 diabetes.Cell reports. Medicine · 2021Trial
- Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Single and Multiple Ascending Doses of the Novel Oral Human GLP-1 Analogue, Oral Semaglutide, in Healthy Subjects and Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2019Trial
- Impact on HbA1c and body weight of switching from other GLP-1 receptor agonists to semaglutide: A model-based approach.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2019 · on this mapTrial
- Efficacy, Safety and PK of Once-Daily Oral Semaglutide 25 mg for Obesity With and Without Type 2 Diabetes in Comparison With Subcutaneous Semaglutide 2.4 mg: A Model-Informed Drug Development Approach.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- SEMASEARCH Study Design: Real-World Evaluation of Semaglutide 2.4 mg in Adults With Severe Obesity Underrepresented in Clinical Trials.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Observational
- SemaGBA: A System Dynamics Model of the Semaglutide-Responsive Gut-Brain Axis A Model of How the Brain and Semaglutide Regulate Appetite and Weight.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Pioneering pharmacometrics practice in Korea: an eight-year retrospective analysis of 192 projects from the first dedicated service organization (2016-2024).Translational and clinical pharmacology · 2026Review
- Added Value to GLP-1 Receptor Agonist: Intermittent Fasting and Lifestyle Modification to Improve Therapeutic Effects and Outcomes.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Improving sensitivity and drug tolerance of assays for neutralizing anti-drug antibodies to semaglutide and native GLP-1.Bioanalysis · 2025Article
- Cardioprotective effects of semaglutide on isolated human ventricular myocardium.European journal of heart failure · 2025Article
- Pharmacokinetics-Based Design of Subcutaneous Controlled Release Systems for Biologics.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2025Article
- Article
- Quantification of the effect of GLP-1R agonists on body weight using in vitro efficacy information: An extension of the Hall body composition model.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2024Article
- Mechanisms of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Beneficial Effects of Semaglutide: A Review.Cureus · 2024Review
- Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide in Japanese individuals with type 2 diabetes in the SUSTAIN 1, 2, 5 and 9 trials: Post-hoc analysis.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2022Article
- Hemoglobin A1c Reduction With the GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Semaglutide Is Independent of Baseline eGFR:Kidney international reports · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionSemaglutide, a new treatment option approved for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist to be injected subcutaneously once weekly. This analysis used a population pharmacokinetic model of semaglutide to identify clinically relevant covariates for exposure.
methodsA total of 1612 patients with up to seven pharmacokinetic observations each were included in the analysis. All subjects had type 2 diabetes mellitus and were enrolled in one of five trials in the phase III development program for subcutaneous semaglutide once weekly (the SUSTAIN program). The treatment duration of the trials varied from 30 to 104 weeks.
resultsNo clinically relevant effects on the exposure were seen for sex, age, race, ethnicity, renal function, or injection site used, and semaglutide exposure was stable over time. Of the covariates chosen, only body weight had a relevant effect on the exposure of semaglutide. Few subjects developed semaglutide antibodies, and the antibodies had no effect on exposure. Dose proportionality was shown for the 0.5 mg and 1.0 mg maintenance doses of semaglutide.
conclusionThe population pharmacokinetic study showed that semaglutide exposure is not affected by covariates other than body weight at either a maintenance dose of 0.5 or 1.0 mg semaglutide. Therefore, we conclude that no semaglutide dose adjustments are needed in different populations. This finding is to be further explored in an exposure-response analysis.
trial registrationThe trials were registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (identifiers: NCT02054897, NCT01930188, NCT01885208, NCT01720446 and NCT02207374).
fundingNovo Nordisk A/S, Bagsværd, Denmark.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.