Evidence mapPaperPMID 29941500Full record

Trial reportDiabetes care2018

Impact of Insulin and Metformin Versus Metformin Alone on β-Cell Function in Youth With Impaired Glucose Tolerance or Recently Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes.

RISE Consortium

Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract readMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Diabetes care, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It reports registered trial NCT01779375. Cited by 110 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
110citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
17.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT01779375 phase3completed

Restoring Insulin Secretion Pediatric Medication Study

Ran2013Enrolled91Registered outcomes6Posted comparisons3ConditionsPrediabetes, Type 2 DiabetesArmsGlargine, Metformin
Open the trial in the graph
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

110 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 166 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Gestational weight gain according to treatment in gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia · 2025
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  13. Precision and accuracy of hyperglycemic clamps in a multicenter study.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2021
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  15. Effect of surgical versus medical therapy on estimated cardiovascular event risk among adolescents with type 2 diabetes and severe obesity.Surgery for obesity and related diseases : official journal of the American Society for Bariatric Surgery · 2021 · on this map
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  19. Metformin Improves Peripheral Insulin Sensitivity in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2019
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50 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.

RISE Consortium
The Coordinating Center · US

Funding

Vector and Transgenic Mouse CoreP30DK017047 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · 1986 to 2025
$12.6M
Yale Diabetes Research CenterP30DK045735 · YALE UNIVERSITY · 1993 to 2025
$10.2M
University of Pittsburgh Clinical and Translational Science InstituteUL1TR001857 · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · 2025 to 2025
$10.1M
Yale Clinical and Translational Science AwardUL1TR001863 · YALE UNIVERSITY · 2025 to 2025
$9.9M
Southern California Clinical and Translational Science InstituteUL1TR001855 · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · 2025 to 2025
$9.1M
Translation CoreP30DK097512 · INDIANA UNIVERSITY INDIANAPOLIS · 2025 to 2025
$1.7M
Physiology CoreP30DK020595 · UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO · 2025 to 2025
$1.4M
J. NRSA Training CoreTL1TR001858 · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · 2025 to 2025
$930k
The Next Generation of Innovative Cardiovascular Clinical/Translational ResearchersK24HL145076 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI KRISTEN Jane NADEAU · 2022 to 2023
$230k
NCATS NIH HHS TL1 TR001858NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000430NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001082NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001108NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001855NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001857NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001863NHLBI NIH HHS K24 HL145076NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK017047NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK020595NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK045735NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK097512NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK094406NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK094430NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK094431NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK094438NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK094467
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivePediatric type 2 diabetes prevalence is increasing, with β-cell dysfunction key in its pathogenesis. The RISE Pediatric Medication Study compared two approaches-glargine followed by metformin and metformin alone-in preserving or improving β-cell function in youth with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes during and after therapy withdrawal. RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsNinety-one pubertal, overweight/obese 10-19-year-old youth with IGT (60%) or type 2 diabetes of <6 months duration (40%) were randomized to either 3 months of insulin glargine with a target glucose of 4.4-5.0 mmol/L followed by 9 months of metformin or to 12 months of metformin alone. β-Cell function (insulin sensitivity paired with β-cell responses) was assessed by hyperglycemic clamp at baseline, 12 months (on treatment), and 15 months (3 months off treatment).

resultsNo significant differences were observed between treatment groups at baseline, 12 months, or 15 months in β-cell function, BMI percentile, HbA

conclusionsIn youth with IGT or recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes, neither 3 months of glargine followed by 9 months of metformin nor 12 months of metformin alone halted the progressive deterioration of β-cell function. Alternate approaches to preserve β-cell function in youth are needed.

Indexed as

AdolescentAge FactorsBlood GlucoseChildDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Drug Therapy, CombinationFemaleGlucose IntoleranceGlucose Tolerance TestHumansInsulinInsulin GlargineInsulin ResistanceInsulin-Secreting CellsMaleMetforminBlood GlucoseInsulinInsulin GlargineMetformin

Identifiers

PMID29941500
PMCPMC6054504
OpenAlexW2912120894

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.