Trial reportDiabetes care2018
Impact of Insulin and Metformin Versus Metformin Alone on β-Cell Function in Youth With Impaired Glucose Tolerance or Recently Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes.
Trial report in Diabetes care, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It reports registered trial NCT01779375. Cited by 110 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Restoring Insulin Secretion Pediatric Medication Study
Open the trial in the graphWho cites it
110 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 166 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gestational weight gain according to treatment in gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy and Safety of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Pediatric Patients and Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Pediatric diabetes · 2024Pooled it
- ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2024: Type 2 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents.Hormone research in paediatrics · 2024Guideline
- The Prevalence of Obesity Among Children With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA network open · 2022Pooled it
- Association between total, regional and organ fat and type 2 diabetes risk factors among Latino youth: A longitudinal study.Pediatric obesity · 2025Trial
- Circulating Metabolite Biomarkers of Glycemic Control in Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes.Diabetes care · 2024Trial
- Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes and Tirzepatide Treatment: A Post Hoc Analysis From the SURPASS Clinical Trial Program.Diabetes care · 2024Trial
- Efficacy and safety of the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin versus placebo and the DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin versus placebo in young people with type 2 diabetes (DINAMO): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, parallel group, phase 3 trial.The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology · 2023Trial
- Effect of Medical and Surgical Interventions on α-Cell Function in Dysglycemic Youth and Adults in the RISE Study.Diabetes care · 2021Trial
- Baseline Predictors of Glycemic Worsening in Youth and Adults With Impaired Glucose Tolerance or Recently Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes in the Restoring Insulin Secretion (RISE) Study.Diabetes care · 2021Trial
- Differential loss of β-cell function in youth vs. adults following treatment withdrawal in the Restoring Insulin Secretion (RISE) study.Diabetes research and clinical practice · 2021Trial
- Two-Year Treatment With Metformin During Puberty Does Not Preserve β-Cell Function in Youth With Obesity.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Trial
- Precision and accuracy of hyperglycemic clamps in a multicenter study.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Trial
- Postintervention Effects of Varying Treatment Arms on Glycemic Failure and β-Cell Function in the TODAY Trial.Diabetes care · 2021Trial
- Effect of surgical versus medical therapy on estimated cardiovascular event risk among adolescents with type 2 diabetes and severe obesity.Surgery for obesity and related diseases : official journal of the American Society for Bariatric Surgery · 2021 · on this mapTrial
- Withdrawal of medications leads to worsening of OGTT parameters in youth with impaired glucose tolerance or recently-diagnosed type 2 diabetes.Pediatric diabetes · 2020Trial
- Effect of Surgical Versus Medical Therapy on Diabetic Kidney Disease Over 5 Years in Severely Obese Adolescents With Type 2 Diabetes.Diabetes care · 2020 · on this mapTrial
- Predictors of response to insulin therapy in youth with poorly-controlled type 2 diabetes in the TODAY trial.Pediatric diabetes · 2019 · on this mapTrial
- Metformin Improves Peripheral Insulin Sensitivity in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2019Trial
- Impact of Gastric Banding Versus Metformin on β-Cell Function in Adults With Impaired Glucose Tolerance or Mild Type 2 Diabetes.Diabetes care · 2018 · on this mapTrial
50 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivePediatric type 2 diabetes prevalence is increasing, with β-cell dysfunction key in its pathogenesis. The RISE Pediatric Medication Study compared two approaches-glargine followed by metformin and metformin alone-in preserving or improving β-cell function in youth with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes during and after therapy withdrawal. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsNinety-one pubertal, overweight/obese 10-19-year-old youth with IGT (60%) or type 2 diabetes of <6 months duration (40%) were randomized to either 3 months of insulin glargine with a target glucose of 4.4-5.0 mmol/L followed by 9 months of metformin or to 12 months of metformin alone. β-Cell function (insulin sensitivity paired with β-cell responses) was assessed by hyperglycemic clamp at baseline, 12 months (on treatment), and 15 months (3 months off treatment).
resultsNo significant differences were observed between treatment groups at baseline, 12 months, or 15 months in β-cell function, BMI percentile, HbA
conclusionsIn youth with IGT or recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes, neither 3 months of glargine followed by 9 months of metformin nor 12 months of metformin alone halted the progressive deterioration of β-cell function. Alternate approaches to preserve β-cell function in youth are needed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.