The effect of HIV infection on glycaemia and renal function in type 2 diabetic patients.

Siyabonga P Khoza, Nigel J Crowther, Sindeep Bhana

Open access · goldAbstract readClinical TrialMulticenter Study

In one paragraph

Trial report in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

5citing papers in PubMed

1.3field-weighted citation impact, top 19% of its field

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.

Prevalence and Correlates of Hyperglycemia Among People Living With HIV and TB on Dolutegravir-Based Antiretroviral Therapy in Zimbabwe: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2025
Article
High prevalence of albuminuria among adult males living with HIV in Botswana.Scientific reports · 2024
Observational
Diabetic control and compliance using glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C) testing guidelines in public healthcare facilities of Gauteng province, South Africa.PloS one · 2023
Article
Glycaemic control among type 2 diabetes patients in sub-Saharan Africa from 2012 to 2022: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2022
Article
Distinct patterns of fasting plasma glucose and lipid profile levels over time in adults tested positive for HIV on HAART in Shanghai, China, revealed using growth mixture models.Frontiers in medicine · 2022
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Siyabonga P KhozaDepartment of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Nigel J CrowtherDepartment of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-5766-1745

Sindeep BhanaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.

National Health Laboratory Service · ZAUniversity of the Witwatersrand · ZA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundInfection with, and treatment of HIV is associated with effects on glycaemia and renal function. The purpose of this study was therefore to compare glycaemic control and albuminuria in HIV-positive and HIV-negative type 2 diabetic patients. MATERIALS AND

methodsDiabetic patients with and without HIV infection were recruited from a diabetic clinic at Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital in Soweto, South Africa. Data was collected on weight, height, HbA1c, fasting glucose, urine albumin:creatinine ratio, HIV status, CD4 counts, viral load and concomitant therapies. Multivariable regression analysis was used to isolate the determinants of fasting glucose and HbA1c levels and risk factors for albuminuria.

resultsData were collected from 106 HIV-positive and 214 HIV-negative diabetics. All HIV infected subjects were receiving anti-retroviral therapy. The determinants of fasting glucose levels (log) were HIV infection (β = 0.04, p = 0.01) and use of anti-hypertensive agents (β = 0.07, p = 0.0006), whilst for HbA1c levels (log) they were HIV infection (β = -0.03, p = 0.03), BMI (β = 0.004, p = 0.0005), statin use (β = 0.04, p = 0.002) and glucose levels (β = 0.01, p<0.0005). In HIV-positive subjects, CD4 counts were negatively associated with glucose levels (β = -0.0002, p = 0.03). The risk factors for albuminuria were (odds ratio [95% CIs]) dyslipidaemia (1.94 [1.09, 3.44], p = 0.02) and HbA1c levels (1.24 [1.12, 1.38], p<0.0001). DISCUSSION: These data suggest that glycaemic control is worse in type 2 diabetic subjects with HIV infection and that HbA1c underestimates glycaemia in these patients. Albuminuria was not associated with HIV-positivity. The negative relationship of CD4 counts with glucose levels may reflect viral removal and easing of the associated inflammatory response. It is possible that the association of statin and anti-hypertensive therapies with high HbA1c and glucose levels, respectively, is due to such therapies being given largely to subjects with poor glycaemic control.

Indexed as

AlbuminuriaDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2HIV InfectionsAdultAgedBlood GlucoseCD4 Lymphocyte CountFemaleGlycated HemoglobinGlycemic IndexHumansKidney Function TestsMaleMiddle AgedBlood GlucoseGlycated Hemoglobinhemoglobin A1c protein, human

Identifiers

PMID29953520

DOI10.1371/journal.pone.0199946

PMCPMC6023235

OpenAlexW2810314916

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.