ArticleStem cells (Dayton, Ohio)2018
Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Generate Light Responsive Retinal Organoids with Variable and Nutrient-Dependent Efficiency.
Article in Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 129 papers.
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Who cites it
129 citing papers in PubMed, 198 citations in OpenAlex.
- To scramble or not: Steric blocking 2'-MOE/PS control antisense oligonucleotides across cellular models.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Photostimulation improves maturation of human photoreceptors.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Retina-specific long non-coding RNAs associated with inherited retinal disease genes.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Article
- Retinal organoids: current status of development and new avenues for application in disease modeling, drug discovery and therapeutics.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2026Review
- Current Advances and Applications of Retinal Organoids.Neuroscience bulletin · 2026Review
- Engineering Human Retinal Organoids and Eye-on-a-Chip Models for Degenerative Eye Disease.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2026Review
- Retinal organoid screening reveals ABT-737 and luminespib as potential agents against a cone- precursor-derived subtype of retinoblastoma.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Exploring the impact of human pluripotent stem cell heterogeneity on corneal limbal stem cell differentiation outcomes.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- 3D Quantification of Viral Transduction Efficiency in Living Human Retinal Organoids.Small methods · 2026Article
- A deep learning-based computational pipeline predicts developmental outcome in retinal organoids.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Single-Cell Transcriptomics onBiomedicines · 2025Article
- Human pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal ganglion cells: advances in differentiation and translational applications.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Review
- Progress of iPSC-derived retinal organoids in the study of inherited retinal diseases.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2025Review
- Tissue-Engineered Three-Dimensional Platforms for Disease Modeling and Therapeutic Development.Tissue engineering. Part B, Reviews · 2025Review
- Microglia determine an immune-challenged environment and facilitate ibuprofen action in human retinal organoids.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Retinal Organoids: Innovative Tools for Understanding Retinal Degeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Exploring organoid and assembloid technologies: a focus on retina and brain.Expert reviews in molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Innovative approaches to treatment of eye diseases: advances in stem cell therapy use in ophthalmology.International ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Unravelling genotype-phenotype correlations in Stargardt disease using patient-derived retinal organoids.Cell death & disease · 2025Article
69 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The availability of in vitro models of the human retina in which to perform pharmacological and toxicological studies is an urgent and unmet need. An essential step for developing in vitro models of human retina is the ability to generate laminated, physiologically functional, and light-responsive retinal organoids from renewable and patient specific sources. We investigated five different human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines and showed a significant variability in their efficiency to generate retinal organoids. Despite this variability, by month 5 of differentiation, all iPSC-derived retinal organoids were able to generate light responses, albeit immature, comparable to the earliest light responses recorded from the neonatal mouse retina, close to the period of eye opening. All iPSC-derived retinal organoids exhibited at this time a well-formed outer nuclear like layer containing photoreceptors with inner segments, connecting cilium, and outer like segments. The differentiation process was highly dependent on seeding cell density and nutrient availability determined by factorial experimental design. We adopted the differentiation protocol to a multiwell plate format, which enhanced generation of retinal organoids with retinal-pigmented epithelium (RPE) and improved ganglion cell development and the response to physiological stimuli. We tested the response of iPSC-derived retinal organoids to Moxifloxacin and showed that similarly to in vivo adult mouse retina, the primary affected cell types were photoreceptors. Together our data indicate that light responsive retinal organoids derived from carefully selected and differentiation efficient iPSC lines can be generated at the scale needed for pharmacology and drug screening purposes. Stem Cells 2018;36:1535-1551.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.