ReviewNutrients2018
l-Citrulline Supplementation: Impact on Cardiometabolic Health.
Review in Nutrients, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07544186 (Effect of a Non-pharmacological Intervention), which is not on this map. Cited by 117 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of a Non-pharmacological Intervention (Nutritional Therapy and Pulmonary Rehabilitation) on Endothelial Function, Body Composition, and Physical Functionality in Recovered COVID-19 Patients.
Who cites it
117 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 219 citations in OpenAlex.
- Citrulline supplementation in postmenopausal women: a systematic review of vascular, muscular, and metabolic effects.BMC women's health · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of Citrulline or Watermelon Supplementation on Body Composition: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of L-citrulline supplementation and watermelon intake on arterial stiffness and endothelial function in middle-aged and older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of citrulline on endurance performance in young healthy adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2023Pooled it
- Effect of L-Citrulline Supplementation on Endothelial Function and Body Composition in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Nutrients · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Effects of Quercetin and Citrulline on Nitric Oxide Metabolites and Antioxidant Biomarkers in Trained Cyclists.Nutrients · 2025Trial
- The effect of quercetin and citrulline on cycling time trial performance.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2024Trial
- The effects of L-Citrulline and Glutathione on Endurance performance in young adult trained males.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2023Trial
- Beetroot, watermelon and ginger juice supplementation may increase the clinical outcomes of Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection cycles.JBRA assisted reproduction · 2023Trial
- Short-Term L-Citrulline Supplementation Does Not Affect Inspiratory Muscle Oxygenation and Respiratory Performance in Older Adults.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Nitric-Oxide-Inducing Factors on Vitamin D Changes in Older People Susceptible to Suffer from Sarcopenia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Supplemental Watermelon Juice Attenuates Acute Hyperglycemia-Induced Macro-and Microvascular Dysfunction in Healthy Adults.The Journal of nutrition · 2021Trial
- Daily 100% watermelon juice consumption and vascular function among postmenopausal women: A randomized controlled trial.Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Inter-Individual Responses to Citrulline Malate Oral Supplementation on Post-Exercise Hypotension in Hypertensives: A 24-Hour Analysis.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2019Trial
- Trial
57 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Diminished bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO), the gaseous signaling molecule involved in the regulation of numerous vital biological functions, contributes to the development and progression of multiple age- and lifestyle-related diseases. While l-arginine is the precursor for the synthesis of NO by endothelial-nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), oral l-arginine supplementation is largely ineffective at increasing NO synthesis and/or bioavailability for a variety of reasons. l-citrulline, found in high concentrations in watermelon, is a neutral alpha-amino acid formed by enzymes in the mitochondria that also serves as a substrate for recycling l-arginine. Unlike l-arginine, l-citrulline is not quantitatively extracted from the gastrointestinal tract (i.e., enterocytes) or liver and its supplementation is therefore more effective at increasing l-arginine levels and NO synthesis. Supplementation with l-citrulline has shown promise as a blood pressure lowering intervention (both resting and stress-induced) in adults with pre-/hypertension, with pre-clinical (animal) evidence for atherogenic-endothelial protection. Preliminary evidence is also available for l-citrulline-induced benefits to muscle and metabolic health (via vascular and non-vascular pathways) in susceptible/older populations. In this review, we examine the impact of supplementing this important urea cycle intermediate on cardiovascular and metabolic health outcomes and identify future directions for investigating its therapeutic impact on cardiometabolic health.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.