ArticleScientific reports2018
L-Carnitine and extendin-4 improve outcomes following moderate brain contusion injury.
Article in Scientific reports, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of biotics and bioactive compounds in sports injuries: a narrative review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Incretin Mimetics as Potential Therapeutics for Concussion and Traumatic Brain Injury: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The Therapeutic Potential of Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists in Traumatic Brain Injury.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The Effect of L-Carnitine on Critical Illnesses Such as Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), and Hyperammonemia (HA).Metabolites · 2024Review
- Investigation of the effect of carnitine on cerebral vasospasm in experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage model.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Acetyl-L-carnitine for the prevention of taxane-induced neuropathy in patients with breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Research in pharmaceutical sciences · 2023Review
- Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury-induced neurodegeneration and inflammation is attenuated by acetyl-L-carnitine in a preclinical model.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Trends in Gliosis in Obesity, and the Role of Antioxidants as a Therapeutic Alternative.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Modulated Neuroprotection in Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.Brain sciences · 2021Article
- The Effects of a Combination of Ion Channel Inhibitors in Female Rats Following Repeated Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There is a need for pharmaceutical agents that can reduce neuronal loss and improve functional deficits following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Previous research suggests that oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction play a major role in neuronal damage after TBI. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate two drugs known to have antioxidant effects, L-carnitine and exendin-4, in rats with moderate contusive TBI. L-carnitine (1.5 mM in drinking water) or exendin-4 (15 µg/kg/day, ip) were given immediately after the injury for 2 weeks. Neurological function and brain histology were examined (24 h and 6 weeks post injury). The rats with TBI showed slight sensory, motor and memory functional deficits at 24 h, but recovered by 6 weeks. Both treatments improved sensory and motor functions at 24 h, while only exendin-4 improved memory. Both treatments reduced cortical contusion at 24 h and 6 weeks, however neither affected gliosis and inflammatory cell activation. Oxidative stress was alleviated and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species was reduced by both treatments, however only mitochondrial functional marker protein transporter translocase of outer membrane 20 was increased at 24 h post injury. In conclusion, L-carnitine and exendin-4 treatments immediately after TBI can improve neurological functional outcome and tissue integrity by reducing oxidative stress.
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Registered trials
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