SynthesisDiabetes care2018
Sex and BMI Alter the Benefits and Risks of Sulfonylureas and Thiazolidinediones in Type 2 Diabetes: A Framework for Evaluating Stratification Using Routine Clinical and Individual Trial Data.
Synthesis in Diabetes care, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04841096 (Efficacy and Safety of the Oral Combined Therapy Glimepiride / Vildagliptin / Metformin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes With Dual Treatment Failure), which is not on this map. Cited by 69 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Efficacy and Safety of the Oral Combined Therapy Glimepiride / Vildagliptin / Metformin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes With Dual Treatment Failure
Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 133 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical practice guideline of the Interamerican Society of Cardiology on primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in women.Archivos de cardiologia de Mexico · 2022Guideline
- Genome-Wide Meta-analysis Identifies Genetic Variants Associated With Glycemic Response to Sulfonylureas.Diabetes care · 2021Pooled it
- Low-Dose Sulfonylurea Plus DPP4 Inhibitor Lower Blood Glucose and Enhance Beta-Cell Function Without Hypoglycemia.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Trial
- Longitudinal Effects of Glucose-Lowering Medications on β-Cell Responses and Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetes: The GRADE Randomized Clinical Trial.Diabetes care · 2024 · on this mapTrial
- Predicting the HbAEndocrine · 2023Trial
- Patient stratification for determining optimal second-line and third-line therapy for type 2 diabetes: the TriMaster study.Nature medicine · 2023Trial
- Patient preference for second- and third-line therapies in type 2 diabetes: a prespecified secondary endpoint of the TriMaster study.Nature medicine · 2023Trial
- A double-blind, Randomized controlled trial on glucose-lowering EFfects and safety of adding 0.25 or 0.5 mg lobeglitazone in type 2 diabetes patients with INadequate control on metformin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor therapy: REFIND study.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2022 · on this mapTrial
- Stratified glucose-lowering response to vildagliptin and pioglitazone by obesity and hypertriglyceridemia in a randomized crossover trial.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Trial
- Gender differences in the efficacy of pioglitazone treatment in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients with abnormal glucose metabolism.Biology of sex differences · 2021Trial
- Genetic basis of Asian diabetes.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2026Review
- Disentangling Sex Differences in Sulfonylurea Drug Response With Genome-Wide Association Studies in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Article
- Biological sex affects human islet gene expression and mitochondrial function in type 2 diabetes.Endocrinology · 2026Article
- Predictors of Glycemic Response to Sulfonylurea Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes Over 12 Months: Comparative Analysis of Linear Regression and Machine Learning Models.JMIR diabetes · 2026Article
- Factors Affecting the Treatment Heterogeneity of PPARγ and Pan-PPAR Agonists in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Machine Learning-Based Meta-Regression Analysis.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Comparative effectiveness of alternative second-line oral glucose-lowering therapies for type 2 diabetes: a precision medicine approach applied to routine data.Diabetologia · 2025Article
- Evaluating prediction of short-term tolerability of five type 2 diabetes drug classes using routine clinical features: UK population-based study.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Article
- Prediction of metabolic subphenotypes of type 2 diabetes via continuous glucose monitoring and machine learning.Nature biomedical engineering · 2025Article
- Assessing the Impact of Neuromuscular Taping on Thrombocyte Indices in Diabetic Neuropathy Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Anti-Diabetic Effect of Soy-Whey Dual-Protein on Mice with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Through INS/IRS1/PI3K Signaling Pathway.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe choice of therapy for type 2 diabetes after metformin is guided by overall estimates of glycemic response and side effects seen in large cohorts. A stratified approach to therapy would aim to improve on this by identifying subgroups of patients whose glycemic response or risk of side effects differs markedly. We assessed whether simple clinical characteristics could identify patients with differing glycemic response and side effects with sulfonylureas and thiazolidinediones. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsWe studied 22,379 patients starting sulfonylurea or thiazolidinedione therapy in the U.K. Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) to identify features associated with increased 1-year HbA
resultsIn CPRD, male sex and lower BMI were associated with greater glycemic response with sulfonylureas and a lesser response with thiazolidinediones (both
conclusionsPatient subgroups defined by sex and BMI have different patterns of benefits and risks on thiazolidinedione and sulfonylurea therapy. Subgroup-specific estimates can inform discussion about the choice of therapy after metformin for an individual patient. Our approach using routine and shared trial data provides a framework for future stratification research in type 2 diabetes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.