ArticlePloS one2018
Risk factors for retinal microvascular impairment in type 2 diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04215445 (Effect of Sodium Glucose co Transporter 2), which is not on this map. Cited by 21 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Sodium Glucose co Transporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibition on Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCT-A) Parameters in Diabetic Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Glaucomatous vertical vessel density asymmetry of the temporal raphe detected with optical coherence tomography angiography.Scientific reports · 2020Trial
- Early retinal microvascular abnormalities in patients with chronic kidney disease.Microcirculation (New York, N.Y. : 1994) · 2019Trial
- Review
- Article
- EfficientNetB0-Based End-to-End Diagnostic System for Diabetic Retinopathy Grading and Macular Edema Detection.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2025Article
- Retinal Microangiopathy as a Marker of Coronary Atherosclerotic Heart Disease.International journal of general medicine · 2025Review
- Association between Disorders of Lipid Metabolism and Oculopathy: An Overview.International journal of medical sciences · 2025Review
- Incidence of Diabetic Retinopathy in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Study Using Real-World Data.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Assessment of the impact of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol on retinal vessels using optical coherence tomography angiography.Lipids in health and disease · 2024Article
- The association between retinal microvasculature derived from optical coherence tomography angiography and systemic factors in type 2 diabetics.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Racial differences in quantitative optical coherence tomography angiography findings between older non-diabetics with co-morbidities.PloS one · 2023Article
- Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus-Report 2: Diabetic Kidney Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Article
- Systemic Stressors and Retinal Microvascular Alterations in People Without Diabetes: The Kailuan Eye Study.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2021Article
- Article
- Three-dimensional Imaging Coupled with Topological Quantification Uncovers Retinal Vascular Plexuses Undergoing Obliteration.Theranostics · 2021Article
- Emerging Roles of Dyslipidemia and Hyperglycemia in Diabetic Retinopathy: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Perspectives.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Review
- Observational
- Clinically relevant factors associated with quantitative optical coherence tomography angiography metrics in deep capillary plexus in patients with diabetes.Eye and vision (London, England) · 2020Article
- Optical coherence tomography angiography analysis of the choriocapillary layer in treatment-naïve diabetic eyes.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2019Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo determine the risk factors for retinal microvascular impairment on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) in type 2 diabetic patients without clinical diabetic retinopathy (DR).
methodsThis retrospective and cross-sectional study enrolled 74 diabetic patients without clinically evident DR for the study group and 34 healthy subjects for the control group. OCT-A parameters were measured to determine vascular density (VD) and the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) size in the superficial and deep capillary plexuses (SCP/DCP) of the retina. Clinical data were collected on sex, age, diabetes duration, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), hypertension, dyslipidemia, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and smoking status. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to represent the associated clinical variables with OCT-A parameters in diabetic patients.
resultsIn comparison between the study and control groups, the VD in the SCP and DCP were significantly lower in diabetic patients compared to the controls (P = 0.022 and 0.003, respectively). The FAZ size in the SCP and DCP were significantly greater in diabetic patients compared to the controls (P = 0.035 and <0.001, respectively). In age- and sex-adjusted multiple regression analyses for the diabetic patients, dyslipidemia and hypertension were negatively associated with SCP-VD (β = -0.357, P = 0.002; β = -0.239, P = 0.039, respectively). Current smoking was correlated with lower DCP-VD (β = -0.255, P = 0.043). Greater SCP-FAZ size was associated with dyslipidemia and greater LDL-C (β = 0.254, P = 0.013; β = 0.232, P = 0.029, respectively), and greater DCP-FAZ size, with lower eGFR and greater LDL-C (β = -0.355, P = 0.004; β = 0.235, P = 0.037, respectively).
conclusionsDiabetic patients without clinical DR showed lower VD and greater FAZ size in the SCP and DCP compared to healthy controls. In diabetic patients without clinical DR, dyslipidemia and/or high LDL-C were important risk factors for retinal microvascular impairment. Hypertension, current smoking and lower eGFR also contributed to microvascular impairment.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.