SynthesisEpidemiology and infection2018
Maternal infection during pregnancy and type 1 diabetes mellitus in offspring: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Epidemiology and infection, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Paternal Obesity on Fetal Development and Pregnancy Complications: A Prospective Clinical Cohort Study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Trial
- Decoding neurodevelopment risks of exposures to intoxication, infection, and trauma during pregnancy.Pregnancy (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Review
- The Role of Viral Infections in the Immunopathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review.Biology · 2025Review
- Respiratory infections in pregnancy and early life-association with the development of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes in children: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Stable heritability of type 1 diabetes in a Swedish Nationwide Cohort Study.Nature communications · 2025Article
- INSIGHT-2: mechanistic studies into pregnancy complications and their impact on maternal and child health-study protocol.Reproductive health · 2024Article
- The fetal programming effect of maternal immune activation (MIA) on the offspring's immune system.Seminars in immunopathology · 2024Review
- Diabetes, glycemic profile and risk of vitiligo: A Mendelian randomization study.Skin research and technology : official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI) · 2024Article
- Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes in Children: A Worthy Challenge?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Review
- Teplizumab: type 1 diabetes mellitus preventable?European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2023Review
- Influence of Immune System Abnormalities Caused by Maternal Immune Activation in the Postnatal Period.Cells · 2023Review
- The human gut virome: composition, colonization, interactions, and impacts on human health.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Preventable Prenatal and Neonatal Risk Factors of Type 1 Diabetes in Childhood.International journal of preventive medicine · 2023Article
- Maternal Infection during Pregnancy and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Iranian journal of public health · 2022Review
- Association of juvenile idiopathic arthritis with maternal infection: a case control study.Pediatric rheumatology online journal · 2022Article
- Common maternal infections during pregnancy and childhood leukaemia in the offspring: findings from six international birth cohorts.International journal of epidemiology · 2022Article
- Maternal immune responses and obstetrical outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19 and possible health risks of offspring.Journal of reproductive immunology · 2021Review
- Environmental Determinants of Type 1 Diabetes: From Association to Proving Causality.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- The comparison of efficacy and safety between different doses of empagliflozin in insulin-treated type 1 diabetes mellitus patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2020Article
- Intrauterine programming of obesity and type 2 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) could be triggered by an early childhood infection. Whether maternal infection during pregnancy is associated with T1DM in offspring is unknown. Therefore, we aimed to study the association using a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eighteen studies including 4304 cases and 25 846 participants were enrolled in this meta-analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were synthesised using random-effects models. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of associations. Overall, the pooled analysis yielded a statistically significant association between maternal infection during pregnancy and childhood T1DM (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.07-1.62). Furthermore, six studies that tested maternal enterovirus infection showed a pooled OR of 1.54 (95% CI 1.05-2.27). Heterogeneity from different studies was evident (I2 = 70.1%, P < 0.001) and was mainly attributable to the different study designs, ascertaining methods and sample size among different studies. This study provides evidence for an association between maternal infection during pregnancy and childhood T1DM.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.