ArticleActa ophthalmologica2018
Risk factors for development and progression of diabetic retinopathy in Dutch patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Article in Acta ophthalmologica, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between glycated hemoglobin variability and risk of diabetic kidney disease and diabetic retinopathy in diabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2024: Glycemic Targets.Hormone research in paediatrics · 2024Guideline
- Development and evaluation of a risk prediction model for diabetes mellitus type 2 patients with vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Trial
- Incidence and Risk Factors of Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Study in NGHA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Using OCT Angiography to Predict Diabetic Retinopathy Progression and Vision Decline in a Multiethnic Cohort.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Gender-Related Differences in Cerebrovascular Reactivity to L-Arginine in Middle-Aged Type 1 Diabetes Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Natural remedies proposed for the management of diabetic retinopathy (DR): diabetic complications.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Proposed Practical Guidelines to Improve Glycaemic Management by Reducing Glycaemic Variability in People with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2025Review
- Evaluation of the effect of full-process blood glucose management on T2DM cataract patients based on visual electrophysiology and OCTA.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Diabetic macular edema (DME): dissecting pathogenesis, prognostication, diagnostic modalities along with current and futuristic therapeutic insights.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2024Review
- To What Extent Is HbJournal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Risk prediction of diabetic retinopathy based on visit-to-visit fasting blood glucose indices.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Dynamic nomogram prediction model for diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.BMC ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Risk of diabetic retinopathy and retinal neurodegeneration in individuals with type 2 diabetes: Beichen Eye Study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Endothelial to mesenchymal cell transition in diabetic retinopathy: targets and therapeutics.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2023Review
- Endothelial Dysfunction and Platelet Hyperactivation in Diabetic Complications Induced by Glycemic Variability.Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme · 2022Review
- Classification of diabetic retinopathy: Past, present and future.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- Risk factors for having diabetic retinopathy at first screening in persons with type 1 diabetes diagnosed under 18 years of age.Eye (London, England) · 2021Article
- The Effect of HbADiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Discoveries from the study of longstanding type 1 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo investigate risk factors for the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and long-term visual outcomes in Dutch patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).
methodsCumulative incidences were calculated for DR, vision-threatening DR (VTDR), defined as (pre)proliferative DR and diabetic macular oedema, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) <0.5 and <0.3 at the most recent eye examination. The following factors were assessed: duration of diabetes, age of onset of T1DM, gender, mean HbA1c, HbA1c variability (defined as coefficient of variation of five separate HbA1c measurements), mean arterial blood pressure, body mass index, albuminuria and lipid profile. We used multivariable Cox regression models to identify factors associated with DR development and progression to VTDR.
resultsWe found 25-year cumulative incidences of 63% for DR, 21% for VTDR, 2% for BCVA <0.5, and 1% for BCVA <0.3. Mean HbA1c (HR 1.023, p < 0.001), HbA1c variability (HR 1.054, p < 0.001), age of onset of T1DM (HR 1.024, p < 0.001), HDL cholesterol (HR 0.502, p = 0.002) and total cholesterol (HR 1.210, p = 0.029) showed an independent association with faster development of any form of DR. The mean HbA1c (HR 1.023, p < 0.001) and the presence of albuminuria (HR 2.940, p = 0.028) were associated with faster progression to VTDR.
conclusionThese data show relatively low cumulative incidences of DR, VTDR and visual impairment. Higher mean HbA1c, HbA1c variability, age of onset of T1DM and total cholesterol were independently associated with the risk of DR development, and a protective association was found for HDL cholesterol in subjects with T1DM. Mean HbA1c and presence of albuminuria were associated with progression of DR.
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