ReviewNutrients2018
LDL-Cholesterol Lowering of Plant Sterols and Stanols-Which Factors Influence Their Efficacy?
Review in Nutrients, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed.
- Plant Sterol-Enriched Palm Oil Intervention to Improve Lipid Profile and Inflammation Status in Hyperlipidemic Individuals.Nutrients · 2024Trial
- Effects of phytosterol supplementation on lipoprotein subfractions and LDL particle quality.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Effects of an 8-week aerobic exercise program on plasma markers for cholesterol absorption and synthesis in older overweight and obese men.Lipids in health and disease · 2021Trial
- Prospective Evaluation of Mango Fruit Intake on Facial Wrinkles and Erythema in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Clinical Pilot Study.Nutrients · 2020Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- From Nutritional Profile to Circular Bioeconomy: A Review of Sea Buckthorn Oil and By-Product Valorization.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Vegan and Plant-Based Diets in the Management of Metabolic Syndrome: A Narrative Review from Anti-Inflammatory and Antithrombotic Perspectives.Nutrients · 2025Review
- The Role of the Planetary Diet in Managing Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Cholesterol Absorption Inhibition by Some Nutraceuticals.Recent advances in food, nutrition & agriculture · 2025Review
- The Pulp, Peel, Seed, and Food Products ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Not All Maca Is Created Equal: A Review of Colors, Nutrition, Phytochemicals, and Clinical Uses.Nutrients · 2024Review
- A scoping review on natural cholesterol lowering supplements sold in South African pharmacies.Health SA = SA Gesondheid · 2024Article
- Implication of Oxysterols and Phytosterols in Aging and Human Diseases.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Review
- Insights and Perspectives on Plant-Based Beverages.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Article
- Nutritional Composition of Hass Avocado Pulp.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Plant Sterols and Plant Stanols in Cholesterol Management and Cardiovascular Prevention.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Phytochemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering effect of plant sterols/stanols (PSS) is summarized in several meta-analyses showing a dose-response relationship with intakes of 1.5 to 3 g/day lowering LDL-C by 7.5% to 12%. This review summarizes evidence for the impact of various factors potentially influencing the LDL-C-lowering efficacy of PSS. PSS are efficacious in all food formats and in food supplements. Some factors related to food format, e.g., solid vs. liquid foods, seem to impact efficacy, while there is no difference between free PSS and esters. Compared to multiple daily intakes, once-a-day intake of PSS, especially in the morning with light breakfast, leads to a sub-optimal LDL-C lowering. However, intake frequency seems influenced by intake occasion, i.e., with or without a meal, and time of day. Meal intake is a critical factor for an optimal LDL-C lowering efficacy of PSS. While age has no impact, gender is suggested to influence the LDL-C lowering effect of PSS with greater reductions reported for men than women; but overall evidence is inconclusive and larger studies show no gender by treatment interaction. In conclusion, PSS are efficacious in all foods and food supplements; for optimal efficacy they should be consumed with a (main) meal and twice daily.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.