ReviewFrontiers in oncology2018
Re-purposing Chloroquine for Glioblastoma: Potential Merits and Confounding Variables.
Review in Frontiers in oncology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Enhancing radiation sensitivity in malignant brain tumors with chloroquine: a systematic review.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review of ongoing clinical trials in optic pathway gliomas.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2020Pooled it
- Hybrids of harmine and quinoline-based antimalarials show a strong antiproliferative effect on glioblastoma cells and reverse ATP-binding cassette transporter-mediated drug resistance.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2026Article
- Captivating Synergistic, Dose-Dependent Anticancer Effects of Tumor-Regulation Modulators Chloroquine and Ivermectin Completely Abolished by an Opposing Modulator, Deoxycholic Acid, in Hamster Fibrosarcoma: In Vivo, In Vitro, and Literature Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Elbasvir triggers ferroptosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026Article
- Epigenetic Regulation of Autophagy in Breast Cancer: Implications for Biomarker Discovery and Personalized Therapy.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Review
- Deciphering the relevance of dead box RNA helicases in gliomagenesis and autophagy.Human cell · 2025Review
- Synergistic Upregulation of Extracellular Vesicles and Cell-Free Nucleic Acids by Chloroquine and Temozolomide in Glioma Cell Cultures.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Review
- Metformin and chloroquine enhanced the efficacy of cytarabine in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines: a drug repositioning approach.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Drug functional remapping: a new promise for tumor immunotherapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Luteolin Protects against Vascular Calcification by Modulating SIRT1/CXCR4 Signaling Pathway and Promoting Autophagy.The AAPS journal · 2024Article
- Novel mechanism of drug resistance triggered by tumor-associated macrophages through Heat Shock Factor-1 activation.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2024Article
- Gene expression analysis suggests immunosuppressive roles of endolysosomes in glioblastoma.PloS one · 2024Article
- Chloroquine-induced DNA damage synergizes with DNA repair inhibitors causing cancer cell death.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Temozolomide, Procarbazine and Nitrosoureas in the Therapy of Malignant Gliomas: Update of Mechanisms, Drug Resistance and Therapeutic Implications.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Article
- Treating diabetes with combination of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors and hydroxychloroquine-a possible prevention strategy for COVID-19?Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2023Review
- Review
- Chick Early Amniotic Fluid (ceAF) Deters Tumorigenesis via Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis.Biology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There is a growing evidence that antimalarial chloroquine could be re-purposed for cancer treatment. A dozen of clinical trials have been initiated within the past 10 years to test the potential of chloroquine as an adjuvant treatment for therapy-refractory cancers including glioblastoma, one of the most aggressive human cancers. While there is considerable evidence for the efficacy and safety of chloroquine the mechanisms underlying the tumor suppressive actions of this drug remain elusive. Up until recently, inhibition of the late stage of autophagy was thought to be the major mechanism of chloroquine-mediated cancer cells death. However, recent research provided compelling evidence that autophagy-inhibiting activities of chloroquine are dispensable for its ability to suppress tumor cells growth. These unexpected findings necessitate a further elucidation of the molecular mechanisms that are essential for anti-cancer activities of CHQ. This review discusses the versatile actions of chloroquine in cancer cells with particular focus on glioma cells.
Indexed as
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.