ReviewDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2019
Worsening of diabetic retinopathy with rapid improvement in systemic glucose control: A review.
Review in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07723820 (Glycemic Velocity as a Modifiable Determinant of Early Retinal Microvascular and Choroidal Change During Initiation of GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Versus SGLT2 Inhibitor Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes), which is not on this map. Cited by 137 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Glycemic Velocity as a Modifiable Determinant of Early Retinal Microvascular and Choroidal Change During Initiation of GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Versus SGLT2 Inhibitor Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Multimodal Retinal Imaging Cohort Study (the GLIDE Study)
Who cites it
137 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 278 citations in OpenAlex.
- The relationship between diabetic retinopathy and intestinal microbiota: a systematic review and meta analysis.International ophthalmology · 2026Pooled it
- Causality between diabetes and membranous nephropathy: Mendelian randomization.Clinical and experimental nephrology · 2025Pooled it
- Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Diabetic Retinopathy: A Systematic Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Pooled it
- Impact of Islet Transplantation on Type 1 Diabetes-Related Complication: A Systematic Review.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2025Pooled it
- Associations of antidiabetic drugs with diabetic retinopathy in people with type 2 diabetes: an umbrella review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- HbADiabetes care · 2021Pooled it
- PACE: randomized, controlled, multicentre, multinational, phase III study of PLX-PAD for critical limb ischaemia in patients unsuitable for revascularization: randomized clinical trial.The British journal of surgery · 2024Trial
- Eye Health Among Islet Cell Transplant Recipients With Long-duration Type 1 Diabetes.Transplantation direct · 2026Article
- Real-World Glucometric Outcomes of the MiniMed 780G Advanced Hybrid Closed-Loop System in Users with Type 1 Diabetes in Spain.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026Article
- Ocular complications associated with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) - Clinical evidence and insights.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Beyond Glucose: Palmitic Acid Influences VEGFA-VEGFR2 Angiogenic Signaling in Müller Glial Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Balancing the benefits and risks of GLP-1 receptor agonists: a clinical guide for shared decision-making.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Review
- Ocular complications from glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: Clinical evidence, potential mechanisms, and clinical recommendations.Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2026Review
- Associations Between Initial Glycated Hemoglobin at Diabetes Diagnosis, Longitudinal Changes and Medication Effects, and the Severity and Progression of Sight-Threatening Diabetic Retinopathy.The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Beyond Glycemic Control: Ocular Effects of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Diabetic Retinopathy Outcomes and Early Worsening of Diabetic Retinopathy in Adolescents and Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Following Rapid and Large Glycemic Improvements After Commencing Automated Insulin Delivery.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2026Article
- [Diagnostics, treatment and monitoring of diabetic eye disease (Update 2026)].Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2026Review
- Retinal Outcomes in Diabetes: Antihyperglycemic Therapy, EWDR, and Perioperative Considerations.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Acute onset of neovascular age-related macular degeneration after initiation of tirzepatide.Diabetology international · 2026Article
- Insulin Induces Outer Blood-Retinal Barrier Disruption via Downregulation of Claudin-19.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
77 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Worsening of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is associated with the initiation of effective treatment of glycaemia in some patients with diabetes. It has been associated with risk factors such as poor blood-glucose control and hypertension, and it manifests prior to the long-term benefits of optimizing glycaemic control. The majority of evidence supports an association of large and rapid reductions in blood-glucose levels with early worsening of DR. Despite a general awareness of early worsening within the diabetes community, mechanisms to explain the phenomenon remain speculative. We provide an overview of early worsening of DR and its pathophysiology based on current data. We describe the phenomenon in various settings, including in patients receiving insulin- or non-insulin-based treatments, in those undergoing bariatric surgery, and in pregnant women. We discuss various mechanisms and theories that have been suggested to explain this paradoxical phenomenon, and we summarize the implications of these in clinical practice.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.