ArticlePsychopharmacology2019
Effects of the second-generation "bath salt" cathinone alpha-pyrrolidinopropiophenone (α-PPP) on behavior and monoamine neurochemistry in male mice.
Article in Psychopharmacology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Synthetic Cathinones and Neurotoxicity Risks: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Quantifying the inverted U: A meta-analysis of prefrontal dopamine, D1 receptors, and working memory.Behavioral neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- 96-h methamphetamine self-administration elicits striatal dopamine depletion in male and female rats: a model of binge-like use.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Swiss-Webster and C57BL/6 mice are differentially sensitive to the stimulant effects of methamphetamine.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2025Article
- Neutrophil Integrin α9 Impairs Efferocytosis and Worsens Long-Term Recovery After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2025Article
- Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Effects of Chloro-Cathinones: Toxicity and Potential Neurological Impact.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- MDPV (3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone) administered to mice during development of the central nervous system produces persistent learning and memory impairments.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2024Article
- Immunotherapeutic treatment of inflammation in mice exposed to methamphetamine.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- MDPV "high-responder" rats also self-administer more oxycodone than their "low-responder" counterparts under a fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement.Psychopharmacology · 2021Article
- Article
- The neurobehavioral effects of the designer drug naphyrone - an experimental investigation with pharmacokinetics and concentration/effect relationship in mice.Psychopharmacology · 2020Article
- Docosahexaenoic acid protects motor function and increases dopamine synthesis in a rat model of Parkinson's disease via mechanisms associated with increased protein kinase activity in the striatum.Neuropharmacology · 2020Article
- The acute toxic and neurotoxic effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine are more pronounced in adolescent than adult mice.Behavioural brain research · 2020Article
- Reinforcing Effects of the Synthetic Cathinone α-Pyrrolidinopropiophenone (α-PPP) in a Repeated Extended Access Binge Paradigm.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2020Article
- Effects of the synthetic psychedelic 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI) on ethanol consumption and place conditioning in male mice.Psychopharmacology · 2019Article
- The cannabinoid receptor 2 agonist, β-caryophyllene, improves working memory and reduces circulating levels of specific proinflammatory cytokines in aged male mice.Behavioural brain research · 2019Article
- M100907 and BD 1047 attenuate the acute toxic effects of methamphetamine.Neurotoxicology · 2019Article
- The adrenergic receptor antagonist carvedilol interacts with serotonin 2A receptors both in vitro and in vivo.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2019Article
- The sesquiterpene beta-caryophyllene oxide attenuates ethanol drinking and place conditioning in mice.Heliyon · 2019Article
- Serotonin 2A receptors are a stress response system: implications for post-traumatic stress disorder.Behavioural pharmacology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleSynthetic cathinones ("bath salts") are β-ketone analogs of amphetamines, yet few studies have examined their potential neurotoxic effects.
objectiveIn the current study, we assessed the persistent behavioral and neurochemical effects of exposure to the second-generation synthetic cathinone α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone (α-PPP).
methodsMale, Swiss-Webster mice were exposed to α-PPP (80 mg/kg) using a binge-like dosing regimen (QID, q2h). Behavior was assessed 4-5 days after the dosing regimen, and neurochemistry was assessed the following day. Behavior was studied using the elevated plus maze, Y-maze, and novel object recognition tests. Regional levels of dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, and the major dopamine metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) were determined in the prefrontal cortex and striatum using high-pressure liquid chromatography. Additional experiments assessed the time courses of the effects of α-PPP on locomotor activity and core temperature using telemetry.
resultsExposure to α-PPP significantly impaired performance in the Y-maze, decreased overall exploratory activity in the novel object recognition test, and resulted in regionally specific depletions in monoamine neurochemistry. In contrast, it had no significant effect on elevated plus maze performance or object discrimination in the novel object recognition test. The locomotor-stimulant effects of α-PPP were comparable to cocaine (30 mg/kg), and α-PPP (80 mg/kg) did not induce hyperthermia.
conclusionsα-PPP exposure results in persistent changes in exploratory behavior, spatial working memory, and monoamine neurochemistry. This research highlights potential dangers of α-PPP, including potential neurotoxicity, and suggests that the mechanisms underlying the persistent untoward effects of the cathinones may be distinct from those of the amphetamines.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.