ReviewThe Lancet. Infectious diseases2019
Confronting the threat of bioterrorism: realities, challenges, and defensive strategies.
Review in The Lancet. Infectious diseases, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with bioterrorism preparedness in healthcare workers: a systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Advances in detecting category A biothreat agents: Toward symptom-driven sensing strategies.Synthetic and systems biotechnology · 2026Review
- Enhancing bacterial detection via laser-induced fluorescence: a comparison of methods and detection limits.AMB Express · 2026Article
- Article
- Integrating implementation science to explore barriers and facilitators influencing nurses' bioterrorism preparedness: a mixed-methods systematic review protocol.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Electrochemical Immunodetection ofSensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Advanced biopolymer nanocomposites for real-time biosurveillance and defense against antimicrobial resistance and viral threats.RSC advances · 2025Review
- Highly sensitive and multiplex detection of nine potential bioterrorism viral agents in a single reaction by multiplex probe amplification (MPA) with melting curve analysis.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Modeling the differential effect of prescribed fire on multi-vector tick-borne tularemia disease.PloS one · 2025Article
- Design of a public health emergency equipment modularized system for bioterrorism events in major public places based on scenario analysis, literature review, cluster analysis, and Delphi consultation.Frontiers in public health · 2025Review
- Audit of preparedness of selected military hospital in the face of biological threats: action research study.International journal of emergency medicine · 2024Article
- Knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward bioterrorism preparedness among nurses: a cross-sectional study.BMC nursing · 2024Article
- The Natural and Clinical History of Plague: From the Ancient Pandemics to Modern Insights.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Criminal justice interventions for preventing radicalisation, violent extremism and terrorism: An evidence and gap map.Campbell systematic reviews · 2023Article
- Article
- Whole-Cell MALDI-ToF MS Coupled with Untargeted Metabolomics Facilitates Investigations of Microbial Chemical Interactions.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2023Article
- Nursing Students' Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding Disaster Preparedness: A Cross-Sectional Study.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2023Article
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells and MSCs-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Infectious Diseases: From Basic Research to Clinical Practice.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Impact of HLA Polymorphism on the Immune Response to Bacillus Anthracis Protective Antigen in Vaccination versus Natural Infection.Vaccines · 2022Article
- Addressing Biodisaster X Threats With Artificial Intelligence and 6G Technologies: Literature Review and Critical Insights.Journal of medical Internet research · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Global terrorism is a rapidly growing threat to world security, and increases the risk of bioterrorism. In this Review, we discuss the potential threat of bioterrorism, agents that could be exploited, and recent developments in technologies and policy for detecting and controlling epidemics that have been initiated intentionally. The local and international response to infectious disease epidemics, such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome and west African Ebola virus epidemic, revealed serious shortcomings which bioterrorists might exploit when intentionally initiating an epidemic. Development of new vaccines and antimicrobial therapies remains a priority, including the need to expedite clinical trials using new methodologies. Better means to protect health-care workers operating in dangerous environments are also needed, particularly in areas with poor infrastructure. New and improved approaches should be developed for surveillance, early detection, response, effective isolation of patients, control of the movement of potentially infected people, and risk communication. Access to dangerous pathogens should be appropriately regulated, without reducing progress in the development of countermeasures. We conclude that preparedness for intentional outbreaks has the important added value of strengthening preparedness for natural epidemics, and vice versa.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.