ArticleJournal of translational medicine2018
The immune response to sub-clinical mastitis is impaired in HIV-infected women.
Article in Journal of translational medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recurrent Severe Subclinical Mastitis and the Risk of HIV Transmission Through Breastfeeding.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Trial
- Subclinical mastitis during lactation: a modifiable risk factor for breast cancer?Medical hypotheses · 2025Article
- Mammary epithelium permeability during established lactation: associations with cytokine levels in human milk.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Resumption of Sexual Intercourse Among Postnatal Women Enrolled on Lifelong Antiretroviral Therapy in Uganda.AIDS and behavior · 2022Article
- Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV Through Breastfeeding Improving Awareness and Education: A Short Narrative Review.International journal of women's health · 2022Review
- Durable antibody and effector memory T cell responses in breastmilk from women with SARS-CoV-2.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSubclinical mastitis (SCM) is relatively common in lactating women and may be associated with HIV shedding in breast milk. The potential association between HIV infection and breast milk immunologic factors and immune response to SCM needs to be addressed.
methodsIn this cross-sectional study, SCM (Na/K ratio > 1) was tested in 165 mature breast milk samples collected from 40 HIV-infected women who didn't transmit HIV to their child by breastfeeding and 43 HIV-uninfected women enrolled in an interventional cohort in South-Africa (Vertical Transmission Study). The level of 33 immune markers related to Th1/Th2 related response, inflammation and bacterial exposure were compared in ART-naive HIV-infected versus HIV-uninfected women. The associations between HIV infection and SCM on the concentration of immune factors were tested separately by Wilcoxon rank-sum test and corrected for false discovery rate. To control for potential confounder effects and take into account the clustering of breast milk samples from a single woman, multivariate mixed linear models adjusted on child age at the time of sampling were performed for each immune factor.
resultsSubclinical mastitis was detected in 15 (37.5%) HIV-infected women and 10 (23.3%) HIV-uninfected women. In the absence of SCM, the breast milk levels of IP-10 and MIG were higher and IL1-RA lower in HIV-infected women than in HIV-uninfected women (respectively p < 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.045). In HIV-uninfected women, SCM was characterized by a robust immune response with higher concentrations of a broad panel of Th1 and inflammatory related immune markers than in samples without SCM. By contrast, in HIV-infected women a limited number of immune markers were increased and lower increases were observed in samples with SCM than without SCM.
conclusionHIV infection in ART-naïve women was associated with elevated breast milk levels of IP-10 and MIG, which areTh1-related cytokines induced by IFN-γ. During SCM, a lower and narrower immune response was observed in HIV-infected than HIV-uninfected women, suggesting that HIV infection affects the capacity of the mammary gland to respond to SCM.
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