ArticlePLoS pathogens2018
CD4 T cells control development and maintenance of brain-resident CD8 T cells during polyomavirus infection.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Brain Immune Cell Composition in Multiple Sclerosis and Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy After Natalizumab: An Immunohistochemical Cohort Study.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Evolving role of CD8Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Annual 12-Week Dosing Gap of Natalizumab: Clinical Efficacy, Blood Biomarkers, and CSF Cell Composition.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Observational
- Unraveling the complexities of neurotropic virus infection and immune evasion.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- Tissue-resident immune cells: from defining characteristics to roles in diseases.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Chemokine-mediated cell migration into the central nervous system in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.Cell reports. Medicine · 2024Article
- Protective function and differentiation cues of brain-resident CD8+ T cells during surveillance of latentProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Polyomavirus Wakes Up and Chooses Neurovirulence.Viruses · 2023Review
- Brain resident memory T cells rapidly expand and initiate neuroinflammatory responses following CNS viral infection.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2023Article
- Tissue-resident immune cells in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2023Review
- Understanding polyomavirus CNS disease - a perspective from mouse models.The FEBS journal · 2022Review
- The evolving role of tissue-resident memory T cells in infections and cancer.Science advances · 2022Review
- Immunological defense of CNS barriers against infections.Immunity · 2022Review
- Memory CD8Immunology · 2021Article
- High anti-JCPyV serum titers coincide with high CSF cell counts in RRMS patients.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2021Article
- Interleukin-21 in Viral Infections.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Infection and Immunometabolism in the Central Nervous System: A Possible Mechanistic Link Between Metabolic Imbalance and Dementia.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2021Review
- IL-21 in Homeostasis of Resident Memory and Exhausted CD8 T Cells during Persistent Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- IL-21 from high-affinity CD4 T cells drives differentiation of brain-resident CD8 T cells during persistent viral infection.Science immunology · 2020Article
- Peripherally induced brain tissue-resident memory CD8Nature immunology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory CD8 T (TRM) cells defend against microbial reinfections at mucosal barriers; determinants driving durable TRM cell responses in non-mucosal tissues, which often harbor opportunistic persistent pathogens, are unknown. JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) is a ubiquitous constituent of the human virome. With altered immunological status, JCPyV can cause the oft-fatal brain demyelinating disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). JCPyV is a human-only pathogen. Using the mouse polyomavirus (MuPyV) encephalitis model, we demonstrate that CD4 T cells regulate development of functional antiviral brain-resident CD8 T cells (bTRM) and renders their maintenance refractory to systemic CD8 T cell depletion. Acquired CD4 T cell deficiency, modeled by delaying systemic CD4 T cell depletion until MuPyV-specific CD8 T cells have infiltrated the brain, impacted the stability of CD8 bTRM, impaired their effector response to reinfection, and rendered their maintenance dependent on circulating CD8 T cells. This dependence of CD8 bTRM differentiation on CD4 T cells was found to extend to encephalitis caused by vesicular stomatitis virus. Together, these findings reveal an intimate association between CD4 T cells and homeostasis of functional bTRM to CNS viral infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.