Trial reportActa diabetologica2019
High intensity interval training protects the heart during increased metabolic demand in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial.
Trial report in Acta diabetologica, 2019. The graph read 1 number from its abstract, feeding 1 cell of the map, but none could be read as for or against, so it casts no vote. Cited by 9 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Reduction in exercise cardiac output observed in the exercise group was due to a significant decrease in stroke volume by 13% (p = 0.03) and heart rate by 9% (p = 0.04).
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Diet, exercise & lifestyle×cardiac & vascular function
No readable resultOpen on the map →What to test next →No other readable study in this cell yet. This paper is the evidence.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Physiological Mechanisms Driving Microcirculatory Enhancement: the Impact of Physical Activity.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of high-intensity interval training on physical morphology, cardiopulmonary function, and metabolic indicators in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Characteristics of High-Intensity Interval Training Influence Anthropometrics, Glycemic Control, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Reduced cardiac workload and enhanced oxygen extraction during maximal exercise in recreational endurance runners.Open heart · 2026Observational
- Effects of exercise on cardiac structure and function in patients with type 2 diabetes: a narrative review of prospective imaging studies.The international journal of cardiovascular imaging · 2025Review
- Effects of exercise training parameters on cardiorespiratory fitness of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2023Review
- Effectiveness of high intensity interval training on cardiorespiratory fitness and endothelial function in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review.World journal of cardiology · 2023Article
- Effects of high-intensity interval training, moderate-intensity continuous training, and guideline-based physical activity on cardiovascular metabolic markers, cognitive and motor function in elderly sedentary patients with type 2 diabetes (HIIT-DM): a protocol for a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The marked sentences are the ones the graph read a number from.
aimThe present study assessed the effect of high intensity interval training on cardiac function during prolonged submaximal exercise in patients with type 2 diabetes.
methodsTwenty-six patients with type 2 diabetes were randomized to a 12 week of high intensity interval training (3 sessions/week) or standard care control group. All patients underwent prolonged (i.e. 60 min) submaximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (at 50% of previously assess maximal functional capacity) with non-invasive gas-exchange and haemodynamic measurements including cardiac output and stroke volume before and after the intervention.
resultsAt baseline (prior to intervention) there was no significant difference between the intervention and control group in peak exercise oxygen consumption (20.3 ± 6.1 vs. 21.7 ± 5.5 ml/kg/min, p = 0.21), and peak exercise heart rate (156.3 ± 15.0 vs. 153.8 ± 12.5 beats/min, p = 0.28). During follow-up assessment both groups utilized similar amount of oxygen during prolonged submaximal exercise (15.0 ± 2.4 vs. 15.2 ± 2.2 ml/min/kg, p = 0.71). However, cardiac function i.e. cardiac output during submaximal exercise decreased significantly by 21% in exercise group (16.2 ± 2.7-12.8 ± 3.6 L/min, p = 0.03), but not in the control group (15.7 ± 4.9-16.3 ± 4.1 L/min, p = 0.12). Reduction in exercise cardiac output observed in the exercise group was due to a significant decrease in stroke volume by 13% (p = 0.03) and heart rate by 9% (p = 0.04).
conclusionFollowing high intensity interval training patients with type 2 diabetes demonstrate reduced cardiac output during prolonged submaximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Ability of patients to maintain prolonged increased metabolic demand but with reduced cardiac output suggests cardiac protective role of high intensity interval training in type 2 diabetes.
trial registrationISRCTN78698481. Registered 23 January 2013, retrospectively registered.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.