SynthesisJournal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.)2018
High sodium intake increases blood pressure and risk of kidney disease. From the Science of Salt: A regularly updated systematic review of salt and health outcomes (August 2016 to March 2017).
Synthesis in Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 146 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integrating Health in the Water-Energy-Food Nexus: A Comprehensive Review of Interdependencies, Challenges, and Future Research Opportunities.Current environmental health reports · 2025Pooled it
- Sodium status is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.European journal of nutrition · 2021Pooled it
- Altered dietary salt intake for people with chronic kidney disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Blood Pressure Effects of Sodium Reduction: Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Experimental Studies.Circulation · 2021Pooled it
- Further evidence that methods based on spot urine samples should not be used to examine sodium-disease relationships from the Science of Salt: A regularly updated systematic review of salt and health outcomes (November 2018 to August 2019).Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2020Pooled it
- High sodium intake increases blood pressure and risk of kidney disease. From the Science of Salt: A regularly updated systematic review of salt and health outcomes (August 2016 to March 2017).Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2018Pooled it
- Effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on child blood pressure in a European cohort.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- High dietary salt intake increases urinary NGAL excretion and creatinine clearance in healthy young adults.American journal of physiology. Renal physiology · 2022Trial
- Effect of a Low Salt Diet on the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Prospective, Open-Label, Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of primary care & community healthTrial
- Thermophysiological and perceptual responses to exercise heat stress in people with cystic fibrosis on Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Sodium reduction and salt substitutes: impact on blood pressure and recurrent stroke.Current opinion in cardiology · 2026Review
- Obesogenic dietary behaviours and work environment among primary healthcare workers in Limpopo Province: A cross-sectional analysis.Journal of public health research · 2026Article
- Can flaxseed supplementation alleviate blood pressure in patients with metabolic diseases? Evaluating the strength of evidence using a meta-analysis and GRADE approach.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Review
- Global burden and epidemic trends of chronic kidney disease attributable to high body mass index: insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Renal failure · 2025Article
- Excess dietary potassium raises blood pressure in male mice by an aldosterone-dependent increase in ENaC.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Impacts of a Healthy Checkout Ordinance on Added Sugars, Sodium, and Other Nutrients at Checkout 1 Year After Implementation: Berkeley, California, 2021-2022.American journal of public health · 2025Article
- Drinking Water NaCl Is Associated With Hypertension and Albuminuria: A Panel Study.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2025Article
- Article
- Impact of Allyl Isothiocyanate Addition on Consumers' Sensory Perception in a Solid Food Matrix.Journal of food science · 2025Article
- How PPAR-alpha mediated inflammation may affect the pathophysiology of chronic kidney disease.Current research in physiology · 2025Review
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The purpose of this review was to identify, summarize, and critically appraise studies on dietary salt and health outcomes that were published from August 2016 to March 2017. The search strategy was adapted from a previous systematic review on dietary salt and health. Studies that meet standards for methodological quality criteria and eligible health outcomes are reported in detailed critical appraisals. Overall, 47 studies were identified and are summarized in this review. Two studies assessed all-cause or disease-specific mortality outcomes, eight studies assessed morbidity reduction-related outcomes, three studies assessed outcomes related to symptoms/quality of life/functional status, 25 studies assessed blood pressure (BP) outcomes and other clinically relevant surrogate outcomes, and nine studies assessed physiologic surrogate outcomes. Eight of these studies met the criteria for outcomes and methodological quality and underwent detailed critical appraisals and commentary. Five of these studies found adverse effects of salt intake on health outcomes (BP; death due to kidney disease and initiation of dialysis; total kidney volume and composite of kidney function; composite of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events including, and risk of mortality); one study reported the benefits of salt restriction in chronic BP and two studies reported neutral results (BP and risk of CKD). Overall, these articles confirm the negative effects of excessive sodium intake on health outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.