ReviewFrontiers in endocrinology2018
The Discovery of Insulin: An Important Milestone in the History of Medicine.
Review in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
82 citing papers in PubMed.
- Re-engineering insulin for oral delivery: structural modifications, advanced formulation strategies, and future directions.Drug delivery · 2026Review
- Metabolic Blockade of Glycolysis Diminishes Autoreactive CD4 T-Cell Effector Responses in Type 1 Diabetes.Diabetes · 2026Article
- Recombinant Protein Drugs: A 2025 Update.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2026Review
- Special Issue-Diabetes Mellitus: Current Research and Future Perspectives, 2nd Edition.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Article
- Enhanced Therapeutic Efficacy of Lispro-Protamine Insulin Via Vanadate and Decavanadate Functionalization in a Type 1 Diabetes Murine Model.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Evaluating iPSC-based interventions for diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2026Article
- Applications of Carbon Dots and Graphene Quantum Dots in Treatment of Diabetes.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Post-Translational Modifications in Protein Therapeutics: Importance and Analytical Tools.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Review
- Advancing Type 1 Diabetes Management: Integrating Novel Therapies, Technologies, and Adjunctive Approaches.Diabetes care · 2026Review
- Paul Langerhans (1847-1888): perceiving the unknown and describing it.Pathologica · 2025Article
- Peptide Mapping for Sequence Confirmation of Therapeutic Proteins and Recombinant Vaccine Antigens by High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry: Software Limitations, Pitfalls, and Lessons Learned.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Bioprinting for drug screening: A path toward reducing animal testing or redefining preclinical research?Bioactive materials · 2025Review
- A Bead-Based Quantum Dot Immunoassay Integrated with Multi-Module Microfluidics Enables Real-Time Multiplexed Detection of Blood Insulin and Glucagon.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Reprogramming of Different Cell Lineages into Functional β-Cell Substitutes.Cellular reprogramming · 2025Review
- A Historical and Epistemological Review of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Understanding peptide hormones: from precursor proteins to bioactive molecules.Trends in biochemical sciences · 2025Review
- Ex vivo functional whole organ in biomedical research: a review.Journal of artificial organs : the official journal of the Japanese Society for Artificial Organs · 2025Review
- Article
- The Potential of Peptide-Based Inhibitors in Disrupting Protein-Protein Interactions for Targeted Cancer Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- BeyondChemical reviews · 2025Review
22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The discovery of insulin represents an authentic breakthrough, characterized, at the same time, by contrasts, controversies and disputes among scholars, as well as by great disappointments, failures and hopes. It is the story of famous, almost famous and little known people, of serendipities, discoveries and re-discoveries. The discovery of insulin has been a milestone and has truly revolutionized both the therapy and the prognosis of the diabetes, one of the diseases most studied in the history of medicine, whose first mentions trace back to a collection of ancient Egyptian, Indian and Chinese textbooks. As stated by Colwell, the introduction of insulin has heralded the end of the so-called "pre-insulin era" or "frustration era", paving the way for a new era and clinical advancements. The current review offers a broad, comprehensive overview of main steps culminating into insulin discovery, including recent advancements such as personalized and individualized insulin therapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.