ArticlemBio2018
The Mechanism behind Bacterial Lipoprotein Release: Phenol-Soluble Modulins Mediate Toll-Like Receptor 2 Activation via Extracellular Vesicle Release from Staphylococcus aureus.
Article in mBio, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 101 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extracellular membrane vesicles-previously unrecognized components ofJournal of bacteriology · 2026Article
- Group B streptococcal membrane vesicles induce proinflammatory responses in neonatal meninges.Infection and immunity · 2026Article
- Bacterial extracellular membrane vesicles as multifunctional defense systems: Roles in immune evasion, phage interactions, and antimicrobial resistance.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in Biomedical Research and Clinical Translation.Microbial biotechnology · 2026Review
- Genetically-Programmed Hypervesiculation of Lactiplantibacillus Plantarum Increases Production of Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles with Therapeutic Efficacy in a Preclinical Inflammatory Bowel Disease Model.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Recent advances in membrane vesicles ofJournal of oral microbiology · 2026Review
- Engineering Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles as Nanoweapons to Fight against Bacterial Infections.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Review
- Deciphering the immunomodulatory cross-talk: Bacterial extracellular vesicles in gut homeostasis.Virulence · 2025Review
- Bacterial extracellular vesicles in osteoarthritis: a new bridge of the gut-joint axis.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Microbial membrane vesicles and the intestinal epithelium: a crosstalk in health and disease.Archives of microbiology · 2025Review
- Article
- Review
- Antimicrobial peptide class that forms discrete β-barrel stable pores anchored by transmembrane helices.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Extracellular vesicles derived from Lactobacillus gasseri GFC-1220 alleviate inflammation via the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- CommensalFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Staphylococcus aureus membrane vesicles: an evolving story.Trends in microbiology · 2024Review
- Alkaline shock protein 23 (Asp23)-controlled cell wall imbalance promotes membrane vesicle biogenesis in Staphylococcus aureus.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2024Article
- Lipase-mediated detoxification of host-derived antimicrobial fatty acids by Staphylococcus aureus.Communications biology · 2024Article
- The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Atopic Dermatitis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Interactions of Gram-Positive Bacterial Membrane Vesicles and Hosts: Updates and Future Directions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The innate immune system uses Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 to detect conserved bacterial lipoproteins of invading pathogens. The lipid anchor attaches lipoproteins to the cytoplasmic membrane and prevents their release from the bacterial cell envelope. How bacteria release lipoproteins and how these molecules reach TLR2 remain unknown.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.