SynthesisBMJ open2018
The association between insulin therapy and depression in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMJ open, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 86 citations in OpenAlex.
- Machine learning-based risk predictive models for depression in patients with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence and risk factors of depression in patients with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Gestational diabetes and risk of perinatal depression in low- and middle-income countries: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Prevalence and Risk Factors of Depression in Type 2 Diabetes Patients in China.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Lack of Association of Emotional Distress With Insulin Initiation in the GRADE Randomized Diabetes Comparative Effectiveness Trial.The science of diabetes self-management and care · 2025 · on this mapTrial
- Does Emotional Distress Predict Worse Glycemic Control Over Time? Results From the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE).Diabetes care · 2024 · on this mapTrial
- Telehealth strategy to mitigate the negative psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial.Acta diabetologica · 2021Trial
- Comparative analysis of serious adverse effects of antidiabetic drugs and complications associated with type II diabetes mellitus.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2026Observational
- Antidiabetes agents and risk of incident depression in 686,522 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A 20-year population-based cohort study.Psychological medicine · 2026Article
- Association between vitamin D levels and depression among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in the Southern Region of Malaysia.The Pan African medical journal · 2026Article
- Associations between Diabetes, Diabetes Duration, and Psychiatric Difficulties: A Nationwide Cross-sectional Study.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Depressive symptoms and associated factors among patients with diabetes in public primary healthcare facilities in Kuwait city, 2024.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Association Between Depression and Antidiabetic Treatments in Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Both Good and Poor Glycemic Control.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Community-based insights into the connection between endocrine-disrupting chemicals and depressive symptoms.Current research in toxicology · 2025Article
- Depression in Cardiac Patients Is a Major Cardiovascular Event Risk Factor: A 12-Month Observational Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Review
- Association between dietary patterns and depression symptoms among adults with or without diabetes in Qatar: a population-based study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Psychosocial and clinical factors associated with depression among diabetic patients in Amhara region comprehensive specialized hospitals, Ethiopia, 2022; a multicenter prevalence study.Health science reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Neurological and metabolic related pathophysiologies and treatment of comorbid diabetes with depression.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesSeveral patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have depressive disorders. Whether insulin treatment was associated with increased risk of depression remains controversial. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the association of insulin therapy and depression.
designA meta-analysis.
methodsWe conducted a systematic search of PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase and the Cochrane Library from their inception to April 2016. Epidemiological studies comparing the prevalence of depression between insulin users and non-insulin users were included. A random-effects model was used for meta-analysis. The adjusted and crude data were analysed.
resultsTwenty-eight studies were included. Of these, 12 studies presented with adjusted ORs. Insulin therapy was significantly associated with increased risk of depression (OR=1.41, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.76, p=0.003). Twenty-four studies provided crude data. Insulin therapy was also associated with an odds for developing depression (OR=1.59, 95% CI 1.41 to 1.80, p<0.001). When comparing insulin therapy with oral antidiabetic drugs, significant association was observed for adjusted (OR=1.42, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.86, p=0.008) and crude (OR=1.61, 95% CI 1.35 to 1.93, p<0.001) data.
conclusionsOur meta-analysis confirmed that patients on insulin therapy were significantly associated with the risk of depressive symptoms.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.