ArticleMolecular biology and evolution2019
Differential Evolution of the Epidermal Keratin Cytoskeleton in Terrestrial and Aquatic Mammals.
Article in Molecular biology and evolution, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- The epidermal ecotone: a proposed model system for marine viral ecology at the animal-environmental interface.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Review
- Rutin ameliorates imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin lesions by inhibiting oxidative stress injury and the inflammatory response in mice via the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Marek's disease virus replication in chicken skin reconstructedThe Journal of general virology · 2025Article
- Structural characteristics of the epidermis in marine and freshwater finless porpoises adapted to distinct osmotic environments.Current zoology · 2025Article
- Skin Appendage Proteins of Tetrapods: Building Blocks of Claws, Feathers, Hair and Other Cornified Epithelial Structures.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
- Convergent Evolution Has Led to the Loss of Claw Proteins in Snakes and Worm Lizards.Genome biology and evolution · 2025Article
- A tissue bandage for pelvic ganglia injury.Nature communications · 2024Article
- The Evolution of Transglutaminases Underlies the Origin and Loss of Cornified Skin Appendages in Vertebrates.Molecular biology and evolution · 2024Article
- Development of a Static Avascular and Dynamic Vascular Human Skin Equivalent Employing Collagen/Keratin Hydrogels.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Comparative genomics of sirenians reveals evolution of filaggrin and caspase-14 upon adaptation of the epidermis to aquatic life.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Comparative Genomics Reveal Phylogenetic Relationship and Chromosomal Evolutionary Events of Eight Cervidae Species.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Activating autophagy promotes skin regeneration induced by mechanical stretch during tissue expansion.Burns & trauma · 2024Article
- Regulatory T cells in skin regeneration and wound healing.Military Medical Research · 2023Review
- Pseudogenization of the Hair-Related Genes PADI3 and S100A3 in Cetaceans and Hippopotamus amphibius.Journal of molecular evolution · 2023Article
- A Kaleidoscope of Keratin Gene Expression and the Mosaic of Its Regulatory Mechanisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Gentiopicroside-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles Inhibit TNF-α-Induced Proliferation and Inflammatory Response in HaCaT Keratinocytes and Ameliorate Imiquimod-Induced Dermatitis Lesions in Mice.International journal of nanomedicine · 2023Article
- Revisiting the significance of keratin expression in complex epithelia.Journal of cell science · 2022Article
- Keratin Promotes Differentiation of Keratinocytes Seeded on Collagen/Keratin Hydrogels.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Cetacean epidermal specialization: A review.Anatomia, histologia, embryologia · 2022Review
- Loricrin at the Boundary between Inside and Outside.Biomolecules · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Keratins are the main intermediate filament proteins of epithelial cells. In keratinocytes of the mammalian epidermis they form a cytoskeleton that resists mechanical stress and thereby are essential for the function of the skin as a barrier against the environment. Here, we performed a comparative genomics study of epidermal keratin genes in terrestrial and fully aquatic mammals to determine adaptations of the epidermal keratin cytoskeleton to different environments. We show that keratins K5 and K14 of the innermost (basal), proliferation-competent layer of the epidermis are conserved in all mammals investigated. In contrast, K1 and K10, which form the main part of the cytoskeleton in the outer (suprabasal) layers of the epidermis of terrestrial mammals, have been lost in whales and dolphins (cetaceans) and in the manatee. Whereas in terrestrial mammalian epidermis K6 and K17 are expressed only upon stress-induced epidermal thickening, high levels of K6 and K17 are consistently present in dolphin skin, indicating constitutive expression and substitution of K1 and K10. K2 and K9, which are expressed in a body site-restricted manner in human and mouse suprabasal epidermis, have been lost not only in cetaceans and manatee but also in some terrestrial mammals. The evolution of alternative splicing of K10 and differentiation-dependent upregulation of K23 have increased the complexity of keratin expression in the epidermis of terrestrial mammals. Taken together, these results reveal evolutionary diversification of the epidermal cytoskeleton in mammals and suggest a complete replacement of the quantitatively predominant epidermal proteins of terrestrial mammals by originally stress-inducible keratins in cetaceans.
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