Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30546316›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in physiology2018

Gene Regulatory Network Modeling of Macrophage Differentiation Corroborates the Continuum Hypothesis of Polarization States.

Alessandro Palma, Abdul Salam Jarrah, Paolo Tieri, Gianni Cesareni, Filippo Castiglione

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in physiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
80citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

80 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. The M1/M2 Test System for Determining Macrophage Phenotypes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Review
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  4. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
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  19. New Strategies for Macrophage Re-Education in Cancer: An Update.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024
    Review
  20. Article

20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Alessandro PalmaDepartment of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
Abdul Salam JarrahDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
Paolo TieriInstitute for Applied Computing, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy.
Gianni CesareniDepartment of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
Filippo CastiglioneInstitute for Applied Computing, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy.

Funding

European Research Council 322749
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Macrophages derived from monocyte precursors undergo specific polarization processes which are influenced by the local tissue environment: classically activated (M1) macrophages, with a pro-inflammatory activity and a role of effector cells in Th1 cellular immune responses, and alternatively activated (M2) macrophages, with anti-inflammatory functions and involved in immunosuppression and tissue repair. At least three different subsets of M2 macrophages, namely, M2a, M2b, and M2c, are characterized in the literature based on their eliciting signals. The activation and polarization of macrophages is achieved through many, often intertwined, signaling pathways. To describe the logical relationships among the genes involved in macrophage polarization, we used a computational modeling methodology, namely, logical (Boolean) modeling of gene regulation. We integrated experimental data and knowledge available in the literature to construct a logical network model for the gene regulation driving macrophage polarization to the M1, M2a, M2b, and M2c phenotypes. Using the software GINsim and BoolNet, we analyzed the network dynamics under different conditions and perturbations to understand how they affect cell polarization. Dynamic simulations of the network model, enacting the most relevant biological conditions, showed coherence with the observed behavior of

Indexed as

differentiationgene regulating networkimmune systemmacrophagemodelphenotypepolarization

Identifiers

PMID30546316
PMCPMC6278720

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.