Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30610613›Full record

ReviewAdvances in therapy2019

Optimizing Fixed-Ratio Combination Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes.

Leigh Perreault, Helena Rodbard, Virginia Valentine, Eric Johnson

Open access · hybridAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Advances in therapy, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
3.7field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Trial
  5. Trial
  6. Observational
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Use of IDegLira to Intensify, Simplify, and Increase Appropriateness of Type 2 Diabetes Therapy: A Real-Life Experience.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2024
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Expert Panel Guidance and Narrative Review of Treatment Simplification of Complex Insulin Regimens to Improve Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2022
    Review
  17. New Horizons: Next-Generation Insulin Analogues: Structural Principles and Clinical Goals.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022
    Review
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Leigh PerreaultDivision of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA. Leigh.Perreault@ucdenver.edu.
Helena RodbardEndocrine and Metabolic Consultants, Rockville, MD, USA.
Virginia ValentineClinica La Esperanza, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
Eric JohnsonDepartment of Family and Community Medicine, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA.
Clinica Esperanza/Hope Clinic · USUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus · USUniversity of North Dakota · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The progressive nature of type 2 diabetes (T2D) means that many patients will require basal insulin therapy at some point in the course of the disease due to β-cell failure. As basal insulin primarily targets fasting plasma glucose, patients may still experience considerable postprandial glucose excursions and therefore require an additional agent to achieve good glycemic control. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) provide an alternative to prandial insulin, with the benefits of fewer daily injections, and a lower risk of hypoglycemia and weight gain. Two fixed-ratio combinations (FRCs) of basal insulin and a GLP-1 RA are now available in the USA and the EU: insulin glargine + lixisenatide (iGlarLixi) and insulin degludec + liraglutide (IDegLira). Titratable FRCs are suitable for most patients with T2D and can help to simplify treatment regimens into one daily injection, potentially aiding in patient adherence. The complementary modes of action of the two components target seven of the many known pathophysiologic defects in T2D. FRCs have demonstrated enhanced glycemic control compared with their constituent components alone, comparable risk of hypoglycemia compared with basal insulin alone, and better tolerability compared with the GLP-1RA component alone due to the slower titration. In this article, we discuss the advantages of FRCs over multiple daily injections, present case studies of typical patients who could benefit from FRC therapy, and outline practical considerations for the initiation of FRC therapy in clinical practice.Funding Sanofi.

Indexed as

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsCombined Modality TherapyDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Drug CombinationsGlucagon-Like Peptide 1Glycated HemoglobinHumansHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinInsulin, Long-ActingLiraglutidePatient CompliancePostprandial PeriodWeight GainDrug CombinationsGlucagon-Like Peptide 1Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsGlycated HemoglobinHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinInsulin, Long-ActingLiraglutideGlucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonistsInsulinPatient complianceType 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID30610613
PMCPMC6824345
OpenAlexW2907782951

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.