Trial reportPloS one2019
Mediation of the association of smoking and microvascular complications by glycemic control in type 1 diabetes.
Trial report in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between socioeconomic status and diabetic retinopathy in individuals with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Smoking and diabetic nephropathy: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2025Pooled it
- Joint effect of nicotine use and diabetes distress on glycemic control in young adults with type 1 diabetes.Journal of diabetes and its complications · 2025Trial
- Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes With 35 Years Duration From the DCCT/EDIC Study.Diabetes care · 2022Trial
- Addressing the dual challenge: Managing smoking cessation in patients with diabetes.World journal of diabetes · 2025Review
- The Contribution of Genetic Risk and Lifestyle Factors in the Progression of Diabetes to Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study.Journal of diabetes · 2025Article
- Xenobiotics Delivered by Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: Potential Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms on the Pathogenesis of Chronic Kidney Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Previously unrecognized risk factors for severe hypoglycaemia requiring emergency medical care in insulin-treated type 2 diabetes: Results from a real-world nested case-control study.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2022Article
- Impact of stopping smoking on metabolic parameters in diabetes mellitus: A scoping review.World journal of diabetes · 2022Article
- Tobacco use patterns and clinical outcomes in the T1D exchange.Journal of diabetes and its complications · 2022Article
- Sexual Risk Behaviors of Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes in Comparison with Their Peers.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated the adverse effects of smoking on the risk of microvascular complications; however, few have also examined the potential mediating effects of glycemic control. Using data from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT 1983-1993), we describe the acute and long-term risks of smoking on glycemic control and microvascular complications in a well-characterized cohort of participants with type 1 diabetes. The DCCT recorded self-reported smoking behaviors, glycemic exposure based on HbA1c, and complications status. Generalized linear mixed models were used to assess whether time-dependent measurements of smoking predict HbA1c levels. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess time-dependent smoking exposures as predictors of retinopathy and nephropathy. During a mean of 6.5 years of follow-up, current smokers had consistently higher HbA1c values and were at a higher risk of retinopathy and nephropathy compared with former and never smokers. These risk differences were attenuated after adjusting for HbA1c suggesting that the negative association of smoking on glycemic control is partially responsible for the adverse association of smoking on the risk of complications in type 1 diabetes. These findings support the potential for a beneficial effect of smoking cessation on complications in type 1 diabetes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.